アセマンナン
Acemannan
Polydispersed beta-(1,4)-acetylated polymannose
別名: Acemannan Immunostimulant · CarraVet · Aloe vera extract · Polymannose
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma | Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. | IP / Intralesional | weekly | minimum of 6 treatments | 🌎 NA |
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma: Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma | Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. | IP / Intralesional | weekly | minimum of 6 treatments | 🌎 NA |
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma: Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
アセマンナンは、アロエベラ由来の水溶性複合炭水化物ポリマーです。獣医学では主に非特異的免疫賦活剤として利用されています。
- 承認された用途: 犬および猫の線維肉腫の外科的治療および臨床管理の補助。
- 適応外/試験的用途: 猫のウイルス感染症（FeLV、FIV、FIP）や犬の乳頭腫症に対して試みられています。
- 臨床的な議論: 獣医学における有効性を裏付ける強力な対照臨床試験が不足しているため、全身投与については依然として議論があります。
- 局所使用: 局所用製剤も利用可能であり、創傷治癒時間を短縮する可能性があります。
作用機序
Acemannan functions as a non-specific immune system modulator.
- Cytokine Induction: Induces increases in key pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, specifically Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interferon, and Interleukin-1 (IL-1).
- Cellular Response: → Leads to increased lymphocytic infiltration and accumulation at injection sites, promoting a localized immune response against tumor cells or pathogens.
- Antiviral Activity: Has demonstrated the ability to suppress HIV replication in tissue cultures, though in vivo antiviral efficacy in veterinary species remains unproven.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Patients with demonstrated past severe hypersensitivity reactions to acemannan
有害事象
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Localized necrosis at injection sites
- Hyperactivity
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Hypotension
- Salivation (with IV bolus)
- Weakness and collapse (with IV bolus)
- Tachycardia and tachypnea (with IV bolus)
- Prolonged pain or bleeding at intralesional injection sites
- Monocyte infiltrates on peritoneal surfaces, liver, lung, and spleen (with IP injection)
- Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting (with high-dose IP injection)
注意事項
Important Warning: Bolus IV administration can cause severe systemic reactions including salivation, weakness, collapse, hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea.
- Intraperitoneal (IP) Use: Can cause monocyte infiltrates on peritoneal surfaces and abdominal organs, potentially leading to abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea at high doses.
- Pregnancy/Nursing: Safety has not been established in pregnant or nursing animals, though its chemical nature suggests it is unlikely to be a teratogen.
監視
- Clinical efficacy (tumor delineation, necrosis, or reduction)
- Adverse effects (especially localized injection site reactions, hypersensitivity, or systemic signs if given IV/IP)
過剰投与
Acemannan appears to have a wide margin of safety regarding acute toxicity.
- Dogs (IP): Single IP injections of 50 mg/kg resulted in no significant signs of toxicity.
- Dogs (Oral): Acemannan fed orally at rates of up to 1.5 g/kg/day for 90 days showed no significant adverse effects.
製品
製剤
- Injection: 10 mg vial (with 10 mL sterile saline diluent)
- Topical wound dressing
- Topical cleansing foam
動物用医薬品
- Acemannan Immunostimulant® (VPL): 10 mg vial with 10 mL vial of diluent (sterile saline)
- CarraVet® (VPL): Topical wound dressing and cleansing foam
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store at temperatures less than 35°C (95°F); protect from extremes of heat or light. Reconstituted injectable solutions must be used within 4 hours after rehydration.
飼主向け情報
獣医師専用: この化合物は獣医療従事者による投与のみが推奨されています。
- 試験的な性質: 飼い主は、アセマンナンの全身投与（特に適応外のウイルス治療）が「試験的」な性質を持つことを理解しておく必要があります。
- 潜在的な副作用: 注射部位の痛みや腫れ、無気力、胃腸障害などの副作用の可能性があります。重度の無気力、虚脱、呼吸困難が見られた場合は、直ちに獣医師に報告してください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。