アセマンナン
アセマンナンは、**アロエベラ**由来の水溶性複合炭水化物ポリマーです。獣医学では主に非特異的免疫賦活剤として利用されています。 * **承認された用途:** 犬および猫の線維肉腫の外科的治療および臨床管理の補助。 * **適応外/試験的用途:** 猫のウイルス感染症（FeLV、FIV、FIP）や犬の乳頭腫症に対して試みられています。 * **臨床的な議論:** 獣医学における有効性を裏付ける強力な対照臨床試験が不足しているため、全身投与については依然として議論があります。 * **局所使用:** 局所用製剤も利用可能であり、創傷治癒時間を短縮する可能性があります。
作用機序: Acemannan functions as a non-specific immune system modulator. * **Cytokine Induction:** Induces increases in key pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, specifically **Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)**, **Interferon**, and **Interleukin-1 (IL-1)**. * **Cellular Response:** → Leads to increased lymphocytic infiltration and accumulation at injection sites, promoting a localized immune response against tumor cells or pathogens. * **Antiviral Activity:** Has demonstrated the ability to suppress HIV replication in tissue cultures, though in vivo antiviral efficacy in veterinary species remains unproven.
動物種別の用量
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma · Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. · IP / Intralesional · weekly · minimum of 6 treatments · Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma · Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. · IP / Intralesional · weekly · minimum of 6 treatments · Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Patients with demonstrated past severe hypersensitivity reactions to acemannan
有害事象
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Localized necrosis at injection sites
- Hyperactivity
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Hypotension
- Salivation (with IV bolus)
- Weakness and collapse (with IV bolus)
- Tachycardia and tachypnea (with IV bolus)
- Prolonged pain or bleeding at intralesional injection sites
- Monocyte infiltrates on peritoneal surfaces, liver, lung, and spleen (with IP injection)
- Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting (with high-dose IP injection)
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy (tumor delineation, necrosis, or reduction)
- Adverse effects (especially localized injection site reactions, hypersensitivity, or systemic signs if given IV/IP)
過量投与
Acemannan appears to have a wide margin of safety regarding acute toxicity. * **Dogs (IP):** Single IP injections of 50 mg/kg resulted in no significant signs of toxicity. * **Dogs (Oral):** Acemannan fed orally at rates of up to 1.5 g/kg/day for 90 days showed no significant adverse effects.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。