酢酸
**酢酸**（一般的に3〜5％の希釈形態で酢として知られる）は、主に大動物医療で使用される消化管酸性化剤です。 * **反芻動物**：非タンパク態窒素（尿素など）誘発性のアンモニア中毒に対する救命治療として機能します。 * **馬**：結腸のpHを低下させることにより、腸結石の形成を予防するために予防的に使用されます。 > **臨床のポイント**：常に濃度を確認してください！一般的な食料品店の蒸留ホワイトビネガーは通常3〜5％の酢酸を含み、獣医の緊急時に最も安全で入手しやすい形態です。高濃度形態（氷酢酸など）は非常に腐食性が高いため、取り扱いおよび希釈には細心の注意を払う必要があります。
作用機序: The primary mechanism of action relies on altering the pH of the gastrointestinal tract: * **Ion Trapping (Ruminants)**: Lowers rumen pH → shifts toxic, un-ionized ammonia (NH3) to the ionized ammonium ion (NH4+) → **NH4+ cannot easily cross cell membranes**, significantly reducing systemic absorption of toxic ammonia into the bloodstream. * **Enzyme Inhibition**: Slows the hydrolysis of urea by rumen microbes. * **Mineral Solubility (Horses)**: Lowering the colonic pH increases the solubility of minerals (such as magnesium and phosphorus), preventing them from precipitating and forming **enteroliths**.
動物種別の用量
- Treatment of urea poisoning · Infuse 5% acetic acid (vinegar) into rumen; may be repeated as necessary if clinical signs reoccur · Intraruminal · As needed · Dose volume not explicitly specified for sheep in monograph, but indicated for ruminants generally.
- Treatment of urea poisoning · Infuse 5% acetic acid (vinegar) into rumen; may be repeated as necessary if clinical signs reoccur · Intraruminal · As needed · Dose volume not explicitly specified for goats in monograph, but indicated for ruminants generally.
- Putrefaction of rumen associated with a high rumen pH · 4-10 liters of vinegar · PO/Intraruminal · Once
- Treatment of urea poisoning · 2-6 liters into rumen · Intraruminal · may be repeated as necessary if clinical signs reoccur · Using 5% acetic acid (vinegar). Recovery ranges from 8-24 hours. A post-recovery pro-biotic rumen inoculation may enhance the gain and productivity of urea poisoned animals.
- Enterolith prevention · 250 mL/450 kg body weight PO · PO · once daily · Using vinegar.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Potential lactic acidosis (grain overload, rumen acidosis)
有害事象
- Mucous membrane irritation
- Unpleasant taste
薬物相互作用
- Oral medications · Due to its acidic qualities, it could potentially affect the degradation or absorption of several drugs in the gut.
モニタリング
- Rumen pH
- Clinical signs of ammonia toxicosis (e.g., tremors, tachypnea, convulsions)
- Resolution of clinical signs
過量投与
When used for appropriate indications, there is little likelihood of serious toxicity occurring after minor overdoses. Due to its potential corrosiveness, the greatest concern would occur if a concentrated form of acetic acid (e.g., glacial acetic acid) was mistakenly used instead of a diluted form (3-5%).
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。