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活性炭

Activated Charcoal

Active carbon

消化管吸着剤 / 解毒剤POOrogastric tubeNasogastric tube犬猫馬牛羊ヤギ

別名: Toxiban · D-Tox-Besc · UAA Gel · CharcoAid · Actidose-Aqua · Charcodote · Liqui-Char · Active carbon · Activated carbon · Carbo activatus · Adsorbent charcoal · Decolorizing carbon · Medicinal charcoal

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

1-4 g/kgPO/Nasogastric tube· q4-6h· As needed for toxins that are recirculated
— 🐕

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

犬

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Gastrointestinal absorbent10 mL of a 20% slurry (1 g of charcoal in 5 mL of water) per kgPO/Orogastric tubeSingle dose—🌎 NA
Acute poisoning1-4 g/kgPO/Nasogastric tubeq4-6hAs needed for toxins that are recirculated🌎 NA
Acute poisoning1-4 g/kg in 50-200 mL of waterPOSingle or repeated doses—🌎 NA
Acute poisoning1-5 g/kgPOSingle dose—🌎 NA
After toxin ingestion0.5-4 g/kgPORepeat dosing as required if emesis or massive toxin ingestion occurs, or for highly lipid-soluble toxinsAs needed🌍 EU
  • Acute poisoning: After decontamination of the GI tract
  • Acute poisoning: Concurrent with or within 30 minutes of giving charcoal, give an osmotic cathartic.
  • Acute poisoning: Diluted in water at 1 g charcoal/5-10 mL water. Follow in 30 minutes with sodium sulfate oral cathartic.
  • After toxin ingestion: Administer as a slurry in water. General rule: administer at a dose of at least 10 times the volume of intoxicant ingested.

猫

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Gastrointestinal absorbent10 mL of a 20% slurry (1 g of charcoal in 5 mL of water) per kgPO/Orogastric tubeSingle dose—🌎 NA
Acute poisoning1-4 g/kgPO/Nasogastric tubeq4-6hAs needed for toxins that are recirculated🌎 NA
Acute poisoning1-4 g/kg in 50-200 mL of waterPOSingle or repeated doses—🌎 NA
Acute poisoning1-5 g/kgPOSingle dose—🌎 NA
After toxin ingestion0.5-4 g/kgPORepeat dosing as required if emesis or massive toxin ingestion occurs, or for highly lipid-soluble toxinsAs needed🌍 EU
  • Acute poisoning: After decontamination of the GI tract
  • Acute poisoning: Concurrent with or within 30 minutes of giving charcoal, give an osmotic cathartic.
  • Acute poisoning: Diluted in water at 1 g charcoal/5-10 mL water. Follow in 30 minutes with sodium sulfate oral cathartic.
  • After toxin ingestion: Administer as a slurry in water. General rule: administer at a dose of at least 10 times the volume of intoxicant ingested.

馬

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
ToxicityFoals: 250 grams (minimum). Adult horses: up to 750 grams.Nasogastric tubeSingle dose—🌎 NA
Plant intoxications1-5 g/kgPOSingle or multiple doses—🌎 NA
  • Toxicity: Make a slurry by mixing with up to 4 L of warm water. Leave in stomach for 20-30 minutes and then give a laxative.
  • Plant intoxications: Mix with cathartic if no diarrhea is present.

牛

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Plant intoxications1-5 g/kgPOSingle or multiple doses—🌎 NA
  • Plant intoxications: Mix with cathartic (e.g., sodium/magnesium sulfate 250-500 mg/kg or sorbitol 70% 3 ml/kg) if no diarrhea is present.

羊

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Plant intoxications1-5 g/kgPOSingle or multiple doses—🌎 NA
  • Plant intoxications: Mix with cathartic (e.g., sodium/magnesium sulfate 250-500 mg/kg or sorbitol 70% 3 ml/kg) if no diarrhea is present.

ヤギ

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Plant intoxications1-5 g/kgPOSingle or multiple doses—🌎 NA
  • Plant intoxications: Mix with cathartic (e.g., sodium/magnesium sulfate 250-500 mg/kg or sorbitol 70% 3 ml/kg) if no diarrhea is present.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか？VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

活性炭は非常に多孔質な黒色の微粉末であり、特定の毒物や薬物の過剰摂取の救急処置において​消化管吸着剤​として使用されます。

  • ​臨床のポイント​：多くの有機化合物に対する広域スペクトルの吸着剤として機能しますが、その有効性は投与のタイミング（理想的には摂取後1〜2時間以内）および毒物の特定の性質に大きく依存します。
  • 鉱酸、苛性アルカリ、アルコール（エタノール、メタノール）、硫酸第一鉄、リチウム、硝酸塩、塩化ナトリウム/塩素酸塩、石油蒸留物などの低分子、高極性、または水溶性の化合物には​無効​です。
  • 利用可能な表面積が大きいため、通常、スラリー（泥状）または懸濁液は圧縮錠剤よりも効果的です。

作用機序

Activated charcoal possesses an extremely large surface area. It binds to toxins in the upper GI tract via ion-ion interactions, hydrogen bonding, dipole forces, and Van der Waals forces.

  • Mechanism: Toxin binds to charcoal in the gut lumen → forms a stable charcoal-toxin complex → prevents systemic absorption → complex is excreted safely in the feces.
  • Enterohepatic Recirculation: For drugs that undergo enterohepatic recycling, repeated doses of activated charcoal can act as a "gut dialyzer," pulling systemic toxins back into the GI lumen to be trapped and excreted.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Ingestion of mineral acids or caustic alkalis (ineffective and may obscure endoscopic evaluation)
  • Patients lacking a gag reflex or actively vomiting (unless airway is protected via intubation)
  • GI obstruction or perforation

有害事象

  • Emesis (especially with rapid administration)
  • Aspiration pneumonia (if aspirated)
  • Constipation or diarrhea
  • Black feces
  • Hypernatremia (especially in small dogs and cats)
  • Loose stools and vomiting (associated with sorbitol-containing products)

注意事項

WARNING: Extreme caution must be used to prevent aspiration, which can lead to severe, potentially fatal aspiration pneumonia. In symptomatic animals, administer via an orogastric tube with a cuffed endotracheal tube in place.

  • Hypernatremia Risk: Small dogs and cats are at risk for hypernatremia due to osmotic fluid shifts into the GI tract. Monitor closely.
  • Cathartic Use: To prevent severe diarrhea and dehydration, if multiple doses of activated charcoal are administered, only the first dose should contain an osmotic cathartic (e.g., sorbitol).
  • Mess Hazard: Charcoal powder stains fabrics easily and dry powder tends to float and cover wide areas.

医薬品相互作用

Other orally administered therapeutic agents

Charcoal will adsorb other drugs; separate administration by at least 3 hours.

Dairy products

May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.

Mineral oil

May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.

Polyethylene glycol / Electrolyte solutions (e.g., Go-Lytely)

May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.

All orally administered drugsMajor

Reduces the absorption and therefore efficacy of orally administered drugs

監視

  • Toxin/drug serum levels (if applicable)
  • Clinical signs of the specific toxicity
  • Serum sodium levels (especially if patient develops neurologic signs like tremors, ataxia, or seizures)

薬物動態

吸収

Activated charcoal is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

分布

Remains entirely within the gastrointestinal lumen.

代謝

Not metabolized.

消失

Excreted unchanged in the feces as a charcoal-toxin complex.

過剰投与

Overdosage or overly rapid administration can cause severe electrolyte abnormalities, specifically hypernatremia, due to an osmotic effect pulling water into the GI tract. Treat with reduced sodium fluids (e.g., D5W, 0.45% NaCl) and warm water enemas to alleviate the condition.

製品

製剤

  • Granules
  • Suspension with Sorbitol
  • Gel/Paste
  • Oral Powder

動物用医薬品

  • Toxiban Granules (Activated charcoal 47.5%, Kaolin 10%)
  • Toxiban Suspension (Activated charcoal 10.4%, Kaolin 6.25%)
  • Toxiban Suspension with Sorbitol (Activated charcoal 10%, Kaolin 6.25%, sorbitol 10%)
  • D-Tox-Besc Gel/Paste (Activated Charcoal 10%, Attapulgite 20%, electrolytes)
  • UAA (Universal Animal Antidote) Gel

ヒト用医薬品

  • Activated Charcoal Oral Powder (15 g, 30 g, 40 g, 120 g, 240 g)
  • CharcoAid / Actidose with Sorbitol Oral Liquid/Suspension
  • CharcoAid 2000 / Actidose-Aqua Liquid/Suspension without sorbitol
  • CharcoAid 2000 Oral Granules

規制ステータス

European Union✓ 承認済みEMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Widely available as a general antidote/adsorbent.

United Kingdom✓ 承認済みVMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Pharmacy (P) classification for some human formulations.

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store activated charcoal in well-closed glass or metal containers or in the manufacturer's supplied container to prevent exposure to moisture and air.

飼主向け情報

​重要​：この薬剤は通常、獣医師の専門的な監督の下で使用する必要があります。

  • 外来で使用する場合は、投与後少なくとも4時間は、高ナトリウム血症に関連する兆候（脱力感、ふらつき、震え、けいれん）がないかペットを観察する必要があります。これらの症状が現れた場合は、直ちに獣医師の診察を受けてください。
  • 数日間、ペットの便が黒くなることがあります。
  • ​警告​：活性炭の粉末は非常に汚れやすく、布地、カーペット、衣服に永久的なシミを残す可能性があります。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。