アルブミン（人由来および犬由来）
Albumin (Human and Canine)
Albumin
別名: Albuminar · Albutein · Buminate · Plasbumin · Flexbumin · albumine · HSA · albuinum · Salt-poor albumin
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refractory hypotension or severe hypoalbuminemia (using 25% Human Albumin) | Test dose of 0.25 mL/kg/h is given over 15 minutes. The maximum volume administered to any dog by the author is 25 mL/kg (6.25 g/kg) administered continuously over 72 hours; the mean volume administered to any dog overall is 5 mL/kg (1.25 g/kg). The maximum volume given as a slow push or bolus to treat hypotension is 4 mL/kg (1 gram/kg), with a mean volume of 2 mL/kg (0.5 g/kg). The range for a continuous rate infusion (CRI) after a bolus administration is 0.1 to 1.7 mL/kg/h (0.025-0.425 g/kg) over 4 to 72 hours. | IV | CRI or bolus | 4 to 72 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Marked hypoalbuminemia (using 10% Human Albumin) | albumin deficit (g) = 10 X (serum albumin desired - serum albumin of patient) X body weight (kg) X 0.3. Alternatively, some dogs received 0.5 to 1.25 g/kg. | IV | over a 12-hour period | 12 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Hypovolemic shock or hypoalbuminemia (using Canine Albumin 5g lyophilized) | A total of 2.5-5 mL/kg body weight is recommended. Administer IV at a dosage rate of 1 mL/min. | IV | Single dose | Until calculated volume is administered | 🌎 NA |
- Refractory hypotension or severe hypoalbuminemia (using 25% Human Albumin): Discontinue infusion if adverse signs develop. Infusions are empirically selected to meet low normal values.
- Marked hypoalbuminemia (using 10% Human Albumin): Dilute 25% human albumin to a 10% solution with 0.9% NaCl. Administer with a transfusion filter. No dog is eligible for additional human albumin after 7 days following initial administration.
- Hypovolemic shock or hypoalbuminemia (using Canine Albumin 5g lyophilized): Dilute to 16% (add 30 mL of diluent such as sterile normal saline, Normosol or dextrose 5%).
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
アルブミンは、主に重症集中治療において重度の低アルブミン血症および循環血液量減少の管理に使用される天然タンパク質コロイドです。血管内膠質浸透圧の維持に重要な役割を果たします。
- ヒト血清アルブミン (HSA): 入手が容易なため獣医療で頻繁に使用されますが、犬や猫に「異種アルブミン」として使用すると、重篤で致命的な免疫介在性過敏反応のリスクを伴います。
- 犬用アルブミン: 凍結乾燥製品として市販されており、種特異的な過敏反応のリスクを大幅に軽減しますが、HSAと比較して臨床データはまだ限られています。
臨床のポイント: 健康な犬へのヒトアルブミンの使用（単純な循環血液量増加目的など）は強く推奨されません。免疫抑制状態にある重症患者と比較して、重篤な遅発性過敏反応（III型/血清病）の発生率が高いためです。
作用機序
Albumin is the primary plasma protein responsible for maintaining intravascular volume.
- Oncotic Pressure: Provides 75-80% of the oncotic pressure of plasma → reduces hydrostatic pressure → prevents crystalloid fluids from leaking into the interstitium → decreases edema and improves organ perfusion.
- Transport & Binding: Acts as a carrier protein, binding and transporting drugs, ions, hormones, lipids, and metals (like iron).
- Endothelial & Systemic Effects: Maintains endothelial integrity, exerts antioxidant properties (via thiol groups), aids in acid-base balance, decreases platelet aggregation, and augments antithrombin activity.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- History of hypersensitivity to albumin (human or canine)
- Repeat administration of xeno-albumin (human albumin in dogs) beyond 7 days
- Healthy animals with simple volume depletion (avoid xeno-albumin)
- Pre-existing conditions resulting in volume overload
- Severe anemia or extreme dehydration (unless concurrent RBCs or appropriate crystalloid fluids are administered first)
有害事象
- Immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, facial edema, vomiting, urticaria, hyperthermia, shock)
- Delayed hypersensitivity / Type III serum sickness (lethargy, lameness, peripheral edema, cutaneous lesions/vasculitis, renal failure, coagulopathies)
- Volume overload
- Diarrhea
- Tremors
- Perivascular inflammation at catheter sites
注意事項
Extreme Caution Required: Thoughtful consideration must be taken when deciding to administer human albumin to critically ill dogs due to the high risk of complications.
- Hypersensitivity: Both immediate (anaphylactoid) and delayed (Type III/serum sickness) reactions can occur and have been fatal.
- Monitoring: Frequent monitoring of vital signs, oncotic pressure, and albumin levels is mandatory.
- Infectious Agents: While risk is low, transmission of infectious agents from pooled albumin products is theoretically possible.
医薬品相互作用
Exogenous albumin may bind to these drugs, potentially affecting the amount of free (active) drug circulating, though this rarely appears to be clinically significant.
監視
- Pre- and post-infusion serum albumin (target 2.0-2.5 g/dL)
- Pre- and post-infusion colloid osmotic pressure (COP)
- Vital signs: body temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and heart rate
- Signs of volume overload (e.g., increased respiratory effort, chemosis)
- Immediate hypersensitivity (facial edema, vomiting, urticaria)
- Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (can occur weeks after administration)
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Administered intravenously, resulting in immediate and complete bioavailability.
分布
Endogenous circulating albumin represents 30-40% of total body albumin. It distributes primarily within the intravascular space but equilibrates with the extravascular space.
代謝
Degraded primarily by the vascular endothelium and liver into amino acids.
消失
Elimination of exogenously administered canine albumin is estimated to be between 20-24 days.
過剰投与
Overdosage can lead to hyperalbuminemia and hyperproteinemia, resulting in severe volume overload and hyperviscosity. To avoid these effects, serum albumin levels should be closely monitored. Most experts recommend that serum albumin should not exceed 2.5 g/dL (some suggest a strict maximum of 2.0 g/dL) when used clinically.
製品
製剤
- 20% solution (Human)
- 25% solution (Human)
- 98% lyophilized powder, 5 g (Canine)
動物用医薬品
- Albumin, Canine, 98% lyophilized 5 g (without preservatives)
ヒト用医薬品
- Albumin, Human 5% in 50 mL, 100 mL, 250 mL & 500 mL glass containers
- Albumin, Human 25% in 20 mL, 50 mL & 100 mL vials or flex containers
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Human 5% solution: Stable for 3 years if stored below 30°C (89°F). Protect from freezing. Human 20% & 25% solutions: Store below 30°C (86°F). Do not freeze. Human products contain no preservatives; discard any unused portion within 4 hours of entering the vial. Canine lyophilized product: Store refrigerated at 4-6°C. Stable for 15 months. Once rehydrated, store in the refrigerator and use within 24 hours.
飼主向け情報
- 入院が必要: この薬は、獣医師の厳重な監視のもと、入院および集中治療の環境で投与する必要があります。
- リスクと利益: アルブミンは血圧を改善し、体液の貯留を減らすことで命を救う可能性がありますが、ペットにヒトアルブミンを使用すると重篤なアレルギー反応のリスクを伴います。
- 遅発性反応: 退院後、数日から数週間経ってから副作用（無気力、関節痛、腫れなど）が現れる可能性があることに注意してください。異常な兆候に気づいた場合は、すぐに獣医師に連絡してください。
- 費用: 治療は高額になる可能性があり、集中的なモニタリングが必要です。
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