アミカシン
Amikacin
別名: Amikin · Amikacine · Amikacinum · Amikacin sulfate
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 15-30 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections in Greyhounds and sight hounds | 12 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Sepsis | Higher than standard doses | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder) | Varies | topical | Varies | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible bacterial infections: IV doses should be given slowly over 30-60 minutes.
- Susceptible bacterial infections in Greyhounds and sight hounds: Lower dose recommended due to a lower volume of distribution in these breeds.
- Sepsis: Recommended by some authors, but carries an increased risk of adverse effects.
- Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder): Considered if the site is easily accessible and if the animal shows signs of systemic nephrotoxicity.
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 10-15 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Sepsis | Higher than standard doses | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder) | Varies | topical | Varies | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible bacterial infections: IV doses should be given slowly over 30-60 minutes.
- Sepsis: Recommended by some authors, but carries an increased risk of adverse effects.
- Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder): Considered if the site is easily accessible and if the animal shows signs of systemic nephrotoxicity.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
アミカシンは強力なアミノグリコシド系抗生物質であり、主に重篤なグラム陰性菌感染症、黄色ブドウ球菌、およびノカルジア属菌の治療に使用されます。ゲンタマイシンなどの他のアミノグリコシド系に耐性を持つ感染症の治療に特に有用です。
臨床的警告: 生体膜の透過性が低いため、全身投与には注射が必要であり、中枢神経系や眼内液への移行は極めて限定的です。腎毒性および耳毒性の重大なリスクを伴います。
作用機序
Aminoglycosides irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
They exhibit concentration-dependent killing → leading to a marked post-antibiotic effect (PAE). This allows for prolonged dosing intervals (e.g., q24h), which maximizes bacterial kill rates while minimizing accumulation in renal tubular cells, thereby reducing toxicity.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Animals with pre-existing reduced renal function (unless benefits outweigh risks)
- Dehydrated patients (without concurrent fluid therapy)
有害事象
- Nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis)
- Ototoxicity (vestibular and auditory dysfunction)
- Neuromuscular blockade (rare but possible)
注意事項
Intravenous Administration: IV doses should be given slowly, generally over 30-60 minutes.
Fluid Therapy: Concurrent fluid therapy is strongly advised to maintain glomerular filtration and reduce nephrotoxicity.
Monitoring: Therapeutic drug monitoring (peak and trough serum levels) should be considered to ensure efficacy and minimize toxicity, especially in neonates, geriatric patients, and those with compromised renal function.
医薬品相互作用
In vivo synergism against susceptible bacteria; however, they can cause in vitro inactivation of amikacin. Do not mix in the same syringe.
Increased risk of severe nephrotoxicity.
Increased risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
In vitro inactivation of amikacin. Do not mix in the same syringe.
Potentiation of neuromuscular blockade.
監視
- Serum amikacin levels (peak for efficacy, trough for toxicity)
- Renal function (BUN, serum creatinine, urinalysis for casts/proteinuria)
- Hydration status
- Auditory and vestibular function (if possible)
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; requires parenteral administration for systemic levels.
分布
Limited movement across biological membranes. Access to sites such as the CNS and ocular fluids is very limited. Greyhounds have a lower volume of distribution compared to other dog breeds.
代謝
Minimal hepatic metabolism.
消失
Excreted almost entirely unchanged via glomerular filtration in the kidneys.
過剰投与
Overdosage significantly increases the risk of acute tubular necrosis (nephrotoxicity) and vestibular/auditory damage (ototoxicity). Treatment is supportive. Discontinue the drug immediately and initiate aggressive intravenous fluid therapy to promote diuresis and maintain glomerular filtration rate.
製品
製剤
- Injectable solution: 50 mg/ml
- Injectable solution: 250 mg/ml
動物用医薬品
- Amikacin 50 mg/ml injectable solution
- Amikacin 250 mg/ml injectable solution
ヒト用医薬品
- Amikin 50 mg/ml injection
- Amikin 250 mg/ml injection
規制ステータス
Approved for intrauterine use in horses and systemic use in dogs.
POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian).
POM-V. Use should be based on susceptibility testing.
規制データなし: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store at room temperature. Observe normal precautions for handling and storage as per manufacturer guidelines.
飼主向け情報
アミカシンは重篤な感染症に使用される強力な抗生物質であり、通常は獣医師によって注射で投与されます。
- 腎臓の健康: この薬は腎臓に影響を与える可能性があります。ペットが常に新鮮な水を飲めるようにしてください。ペットの飲水量や尿量に異常な変化（多飲多尿、または尿が出ないなど）が見られた場合は、すぐに獣医師に連絡してください。
- 聴覚とバランス: まれに、この薬は聴覚や平衡感覚に影響を与えることがあります。ペットがめまいを起こしている、ふらついている、または音に反応しない場合は、獣医師にお知らせください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。