北米サンゴヘビ抗毒素
North American Coral Snake Antivenin
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)
別名: North American Coral Snake Antivenin · Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials initially, and more in 4-6 hours if necessary | IV | initially, and more in 4-6 hours if necessary | — | 🌎 NA |
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials of antivenin. Initially give one vial, by diluting to 100-250 mL of crystalloid fluids and initially administering by slow IV . In smaller patients, adjust infusion volume to prevent fluid overload. Give additional vials as indicated by the progression of the syndrome. | slow IV | Initially, then as indicated | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation: Therapy is best started within 4 hours after envenomation. Supportive care includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluid therapy and mechanical ventilation if necessary. Corticosteroids are not recommended.
- Coral Snake envenomation: Dose necessary is calculated relative to the amount of venom injected and the body mass of patient. Smaller patients may require higher doses (as venom amount/kg body weight is higher).
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials of antivenin. Initially give one vial, by diluting to 100-250 mL of crystalloid fluids and initially administering by slow IV . In smaller patients, adjust infusion volume to prevent fluid overload. Give additional vials as indicated by the progression of the syndrome. | slow IV | Initially, then as indicated | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation: Dose necessary is calculated relative to the amount of venom injected and the body mass of patient. Smaller patients may require higher doses.
馬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation (systemic effects) | Administer 1-2 vials slowly IV diluted in 250-500 mL saline or lactated Ringer's. | IV | Once, use only if necessary | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation (systemic effects): Use only if necessary to treat systemic effects, otherwise avoid use. Administer antihistamines; corticosteroids are contraindicated. May be used with Crotilidae antivenin.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
北米サンゴヘビ抗毒素は、トウブサンゴヘビおよびテキサスサンゴヘビの咬傷による毒素を中和するための特異的な解毒剤です。ソノラ/アリゾナサンゴヘビの毒は中和できません。サンゴヘビの毒は主に神経毒性を示し、臨床症状が遅れて現れることがあるため、咬傷が疑われる動物は24〜48時間の入院観察が推奨されます。
作用機序
Antivenins provide passive immunity by supplying pre-formed neutralizing antibodies (globulins) derived from horses hyperimmunized with coral snake venom.
- Mechanism: The antibodies directly bind to the complex venom proteins (specifically alpha-neurotoxins) in the patient's bloodstream.
- Pathway: Venom-antibody binding → prevents neurotoxins from attaching to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction → halts the progression of flaccid paralysis and respiratory depression.
- Each vial neutralizes approximately 2 mg of M. fulvius fulvius venom.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Envenomation by Sonoran or Arizona Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus)
有害事象
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Anaphylaxis (incidence <2%)
- Anaphylactoid reactions
- Serum sickness
- Erythema and wheal formation (at injection site during sensitivity testing)
注意事項
Anaphylaxis Risk: High risk of hypersensitivity reactions due to the equine serum origin.
- Sensitivity Testing: A 1:10 dilution given intracutaneously (0.02-0.03 mL) may be used to test for hypersensitivity (wheal/erythema within 30 mins indicates a positive reaction). Note: A negative test does not guarantee anaphylaxis won't occur.
- Pretreatment: Diphenhydramine is often recommended prior to administration.
- Management: If an anaphylactoid reaction occurs, stop the infusion, give additional diphenhydramine, and restart 5 minutes later at a slower rate.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category C.
医薬品相互作用
May mask the clinical signs associated with the venom; use initially with caution.
Theoretical potentiation of venom, though undocumented. Diphenhydramine is routinely used by clinicians for pretreatment.
May mask the early signs associated with anaphylaxis.
Contraindicated for the treatment of snakebite envenomation itself, but may be useful to treat secondary anaphylaxis.
監視
- Signs associated with an allergic response to the antivenin (anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid-reactions, serum sickness)
- Cardiorespiratory monitoring
- Mechanical ventilation parameters (if necessary)
- Pulse oximetry
過剰投与
Specific overdosage information is not provided, but in smaller patients, care must be taken to adjust the infusion volume of the crystalloid diluent to prevent fluid overload.
製品
製剤
- Powder for Injection lyophilized (with diluent)
ヒト用医薬品
- Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) Powder for Injection lyophilized: in single-use vials with 1 vial diluent (10 mL water for injection) (Ayerst)
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Product should be stored in the refrigerator. Avoid freezing and excessive heat. Reconstitute vial with 10 mL of the supplied diluent. Gentle agitation may be used to hasten dissolution of the lyophilized powder. Reconstituted vials should be used within 48 hours (keep refrigerated) and within 12 hours once added to IV solutions.
飼主向け情報
ペットがサンゴヘビに噛まれた疑いがある場合は、直ちに救急動物病院を受診してください。脱力や呼吸困難などの症状は12〜24時間遅れて現れることがあるため、1〜2日の入院観察が必要です。この解毒剤は馬の血清から作られているため、重篤なアレルギー反応（アナフィラキシー）のリスクがあります。また、抗毒素や集中治療を含む治療費は非常に高額になる可能性があります。
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