アプラマイシン
**アプラマイシン**はアミノシクリトール系抗生物質（アミノグリコシド系に密接に関連）であり、主に豚の大腸菌症や子牛、家禽などの家畜の腸内細菌感染症の治療に獣医学で使用されます。 米国では現在市販されていませんが、国際的には使用され続けています。さまざまなグラム陰性菌に対する有効性が特徴です。成獣の消化管からはほとんど吸収されないため、局所的な腸内感染症に非常に効果的です。ただし、**新生児は薬物を全身に吸収する可能性があり**、典型的なアミノグリコシド系の毒性（腎毒性および耳毒性）のリスクが高まります。
作用機序: Apramycin is **bactericidal**. It actively transports across the bacterial cell membrane and binds irreversibly to the **30S ribosomal subunit** → interferes with mRNA translation → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is active against many gram-negative bacteria (e.g., *E. coli*, *Pseudomonas*, *Salmonella*, *Klebsiella*, *Proteus*, *Pasturella*, *Treponema hyodysenteriae*, *Bordetella bronchiseptica*), as well as *Staphylococcus* and *Mycoplasma*.
動物種別の用量
- Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms · 20-40 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water · PO · daily
- Colibacillosis or salmonellosis (Calves) · 1-2 sachets to be administered in the drinking water, milk, or milk replacer to provide 20-40 mg of apramycin activity per kg of bodyweight daily according to the severity of the disease. Continue treatment for 5 days. · PO · daily · 5 days
- Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms (Poultry) · To be administered via drinking water to provide 250-500 mg of apramycin activity per liter for 5 days. This may be achieved by adding 50 g apramycin per 100-200 liters of water. · PO · daily · 5 days
- Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms · Treated pigs should consume enough water to receive 12.5 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days. Add to drinking water at a rate of 375 mg per gallon. After adding to water, stir and allow to stand for 15 minutes, then stir again. · PO · daily · 7 days
- Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms · 20-40 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water · PO · daily
- Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms · Pigs: To be administered via the drinking water. Add 1 small measure (4.4 mL) or 1 sachet of soluble powder per 20 L of drinking water. · PO · daily
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to apramycin
- Cats
- Patients with myasthenia gravis
有害事象
- Ototoxicity (if systemically absorbed)
- Nephrotoxicity (if systemically absorbed)
薬物相互作用
- Neuromuscular blockers · Potential for enhanced neuromuscular blockade (extrapolated from neomycin)
- Nephrotoxic or Ototoxic drugs · Additive toxicity risk if apramycin is systemically absorbed (extrapolated from neomycin)
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy
- Renal function (if systemic absorption is suspected)
過量投与
If substantial amounts of the drug are absorbed systemically (e.g., in neonates or massive overdose), both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are a distinct possibility. Treatment is supportive, focusing on maintaining hydration and renal perfusion.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。