アプラマイシン
Apramycin
Apramycin sulfate
別名: Apralan · Abylan · nebramycin factor 2 · nebramcyin II · apramycine · apramicina · AIDS166733
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
鳥
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms (Poultry) | To be administered via drinking water to provide 250-500 mg of apramycin activity per liter for 5 days. This may be achieved by adding 50 g apramycin per 100-200 liters of water. | PO | daily | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
牛
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms | 20-40 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water | PO | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Colibacillosis or salmonellosis (Calves) | 1-2 sachets to be administered in the drinking water, milk, or milk replacer to provide 20-40 mg of apramycin activity per kg of bodyweight daily according to the severity of the disease. Continue treatment for 5 days. | PO | daily | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
豚
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms | Treated pigs should consume enough water to receive 12.5 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days. Add to drinking water at a rate of 375 mg per gallon. After adding to water, stir and allow to stand for 15 minutes, then stir again. | PO | daily | 7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms | 20-40 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water | PO | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms | Pigs: To be administered via the drinking water. Add 1 small measure (4.4 mL) or 1 sachet of soluble powder per 20 L of drinking water. | PO | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
アプラマイシンはアミノシクリトール系抗生物質（アミノグリコシド系に密接に関連）であり、主に豚の大腸菌症や子牛、家禽などの家畜の腸内細菌感染症の治療に獣医学で使用されます。
米国では現在市販されていませんが、国際的には使用され続けています。さまざまなグラム陰性菌に対する有効性が特徴です。成獣の消化管からはほとんど吸収されないため、局所的な腸内感染症に非常に効果的です。ただし、新生児は薬物を全身に吸収する可能性があり、典型的なアミノグリコシド系の毒性（腎毒性および耳毒性）のリスクが高まります。
作用機序
Apramycin is bactericidal. It actively transports across the bacterial cell membrane and binds irreversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit → interferes with mRNA translation → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
It is active against many gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pasturella, Treponema hyodysenteriae, Bordetella bronchiseptica), as well as Staphylococcus and Mycoplasma.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to apramycin
- Cats
- Patients with myasthenia gravis
有害事象
- Ototoxicity (if systemically absorbed)
- Nephrotoxicity (if systemically absorbed)
注意事項
Warning: Contraindicated in cats and patients with myasthenia gravis.
- Neonatal Absorption: While generally safe orally due to poor absorption, neonates may absorb substantial amounts, leading to potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
- Inactivation: The drug can be inactivated if exposed to rust (e.g., in a rusty waterer).
医薬品相互作用
Potential for enhanced neuromuscular blockade (extrapolated from neomycin)
Additive toxicity risk if apramycin is systemically absorbed (extrapolated from neomycin)
監視
- Clinical efficacy
- Renal function (if systemic absorption is suspected)
薬物動態
吸収
Partially absorbed after oral administration, particularly in neonates. Absorption is dose-related and decreases substantially with the age of the animal.
分布
Poorly distributed systemically in adult animals due to low oral absorption.
代謝
Minimal to none.
消失
Absorbed drug is eliminated via the kidneys unchanged.
過剰投与
If substantial amounts of the drug are absorbed systemically (e.g., in neonates or massive overdose), both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are a distinct possibility. Treatment is supportive, focusing on maintaining hydration and renal perfusion.
製品
製剤
- Soluble powder
動物用医薬品
- Apramycin Sulfate Soluble Powder 37.5 & 48 g (base) bottle
- Apralan Soluble Powder 1 gram sachets and 50 g in 220 mL
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store powder in a cool dry place, in tightly closed containers, protected from moisture. Store at temperatures less than 25°C. If exposed to rust, the drug can be inactivated. Prepare fresh water daily. Shelf life of the powder is 24 months.
飼主向け情報
- 準備: 毎日新鮮な薬液入りの飲料水を準備してください。
- 器具: 錆びた給水器や容器は使用しないでください。錆が薬の効力を失わせる可能性があります。
- 休薬期間: 食肉処理の休薬期間を厳守してください（例：英国では豚＝14日、子牛＝28日、家禽＝7日）。人間の消費用卵を産む採卵鶏には使用しないでください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。