ベタメタゾン
**ベタメタゾン**は強力で長時間作用型の糖質コルチコイドであり、獣医学において主にその強力な抗炎症作用および免疫抑制作用のために使用されます。眼科用としては、以前は獣医承認の抗菌薬・ステロイド配合剤(Gentocin Durafilm®)として利用可能でした。現在、市販の獣医用眼科製品は製造中止となっていますが、調剤薬局では特定の臨床ニーズに合わせてゲンタマイシンとベタメタゾンの配合剤を提供することが可能です。
作用機序: Betamethasone diffuses across cell membranes and binds to specific cytosolic **glucocorticoid receptors**. The receptor-ligand complex translocates to the nucleus, where it alters gene expression (transactivation and transrepression). → **Inhibits phospholipase A2** (via lipocortin induction), blocking the release of arachidonic acid. → **Decreases production of inflammatory mediators** (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines). → **Suppresses immune system response** by reducing leukocyte migration and capillary permeability.
投与経路
禁忌
- Suspected corneal abrasion
- Corneal ulceration
- Feline herpes keratitis (FHV-1)
有害事象
- Delayed corneal healing
- Increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Potentiation of ocular infections
- Systemic absorption leading to adrenal suppression (rare with topical use but possible in small patients)
薬物相互作用
- NSAIDs · Increased risk of GI ulceration · major
- Insulin · Glucocorticoids antagonize the effect of insulin · major
- Phenobarbital · May accelerate the metabolism of corticosteroids · moderate
- Itraconazole · May decrease the metabolism of corticosteroids · moderate
- Acetazolamide · Increased risk of hypokalaemia · moderate
- Amphotericin · Increased risk of hypokalaemia · moderate
- Furosemide · Increased risk of hypokalaemia · moderate
- Thiazide diuretics · Increased risk of hypokalaemia · moderate
モニタリング
- Fluorescein staining (to ensure intact cornea prior to and during use)
- Intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Resolution of clinical signs of inflammation
過量投与
Overdose via topical ophthalmic administration is unlikely to cause acute life-threatening signs, but chronic overuse can lead to iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome) and local ocular complications (glaucoma, corneal degeneration).
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。