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動物種別の用量

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投与経路

禁忌

• Intravenous (IV) administration
• Intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier block)
• Use of adrenaline-containing formulations at end-arterial sites (e.g., tail, digits, ears)
• Use of adrenaline-containing formulations when significant systemic absorption is likely

有害事象

• Severe cardiac arrhythmias (if injected intravascularly)
• Motor blockade (paresis/paralysis of affected limbs)
• CNS toxicity (seizures, tremors) at high systemic doses
• Hypotension (especially with epidural use)

薬物相互作用

• Other local anaesthetics (e.g., lidocaine, mepivacaine) · Additive systemic toxicity; doses must be reduced when used concurrently. · major

モニタリング

• Aspiration for blood prior to injection (mandatory)
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) during and after block placement
• Blood pressure
• Respiratory rate and effort (especially with epidural or intrapleural use)
• Motor function recovery

過量投与

Overdose or inadvertent IV injection leads to profound **CNS toxicity** (muscle twitching, seizures, coma) and **cardiovascular toxicity** (profound hypotension, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, asystole). > **Clinical Pearl:** Bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest is notoriously resistant to standard CPR. **Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) therapy** (e.g., Intralipid 20%) is the specific antidote and should be administered immediately alongside standard resuscitation efforts.