VetSheet

ブスピロン

Buspirone

Buspirone HCl

別名: BuSpar · MJ-9022

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

1 mg/kg PO q8-24h (mild anxiety); 2.5-10 mg (total dose) per dog PO q8-24h (mild anxiety); 10-15 mg per dog PO q8-12h (more severe anxiety, thunderstorm phobia)PO· q8-24h or q8-12h
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用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Low-grade anxieties and fears1 mg/kg PO q8-24h (mild anxiety); 2.5-10 mg (total dose) per dog PO q8-24h (mild anxiety); 10-15 mg per dog PO q8-12h (more severe anxiety, thunderstorm phobia)POq8-24h or q8-12h🌎 NA
Low-grade anxieties and fears1-2 mg/kg PO q12h; 5-15 mg (total dose) per dog PO q8-12hPOq8-12h or q12h🌎 NA
Low-grade anxieties and fears5-10 mg (total dose) PO q8-12hPOq8-12h🌎 NA
Global anxiety0.5-2 mg/kg PO q8-12hPOq8-12hmay take 2-4 weeks until effect🌎 NA
Social phobias, panic disorders1 mg/kg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h🌎 NA
  • Social phobias, panic disorders: most useful in social phobias; may also be useful for panic disorders

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Adjunctive treatment of low-grade anxieties/fears, spraying, overgrooming0.5-1 mg/kg PO q8-12h; 2.5-5 mg (total dose) per cat PO q8-12hPOq8-12h6-8 weeks🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of low-grade anxieties/fears, spraying, overgrooming2.5-5 mg (total dose) PO once a day to 3 times a dayPOq8-24h🌎 NA
Urine marking2.5-7.5 mg (total dose) per cat PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of low-grade anxieties/fears, spraying, overgrooming0.5-1 mg/kg PO q12h; 2.5-7.5 mg (total dose) per cat PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
Social phobias, panic disorders0.5-1 mg/kg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h🌎 NA
  • Adjunctive treatment of low-grade anxieties/fears, spraying, overgrooming: some cats do well on once daily dosing
  • Social phobias, panic disorders: most useful in social phobias; may also be useful for panic disorders

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか?VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

ブスピロン(Buspirone)は、アザピロン系の非ベンゾジアゼピン系抗不安薬です。主に獣医学において、犬や猫の全般性不安、軽度の恐怖症、および猫の尿スプレー行動の管理に使用されます。

ベンゾジアゼピン系とは異なり、鎮静、筋弛緩、抗痙攣作用を持たないため、顕著な認知機能や精神運動機能の障害を引き起こすことなく、長期的な行動管理に最適です。

​臨床上のポイント:​

  • ​遅延性の効果発現:​ 受容体密度を変化させ、完全な臨床効果を得るには、慢性的な投与(通常1〜4週間)が必要です。
  • ​急性のパニックには不適:​ 効果発現が遅いため、急性の状況的パニック(例:雷雨への即時反応や急性の分離不安の発作)に対する単独療法としては不適切であり、効果がありません。
  • ​社会的ダイナミクス:​ 社会的相互作用に関連する不安に特に有用であり、単頭飼いよりも多頭飼いの環境でより効果的である可能性があります。

作用機序

Buspirone is an anxioselective agent that acts primarily as a partial agonist at serotonin (5-HT1A) receptors and as an agonist/antagonist at presynaptic dopamine (D2) receptors in the CNS.

  • ​Serotonin Pathway:​ By binding to 5-HT1A autoreceptors → it slows the neuronal firing rate → decreasing the depletion of serotonin stores and modulating serotonergic tone over time.
  • ​Receptor Specificity:​ It does not share mechanisms with benzodiazepines; it has no significant affinity for benzodiazepine receptors and does not affect GABA binding.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Severe hepatic disease (use with caution)
  • Severe renal disease (use with caution)
  • Aggressive animals (may reduce disinhibition)
  • Working dogs (use with caution despite low sedation)
  • Acute situational anxieties (as sole therapy)

有害事象

  • Bradycardia
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances
  • Stereotypic behaviors
  • Increased affection (cats)
  • Paradoxical aggression/turning on attackers (previously timid cats)
  • Dizziness (humans)
  • Headache (humans)
  • Nausea/anorexia (humans)
  • Restlessness (humans)
  • Tachycardia (rare)

注意事項

Buspirone should be used with caution in patients with significant renal or hepatic disease. Because buspirone may reduce disinhibition, it should be used with caution in aggressive animals. While it has far less sedating properties than many other anxiolytic drugs, it should be used with caution in working dogs. It often takes a week or more for effect, so it should not be used as the sole therapy for situational anxieties. Avoid use during nursing if possible, as it is distributed into maternal milk.

医薬品相互作用

Tricyclic or SSRI agents

May be used in combination, but dosage reductions may be necessary to minimize adverse effects

CNS Depressants

Potentially could cause increased CNS depression

Diltiazem

May cause increased buspirone plasma levels and adverse effects

Erythromycin

May cause increased buspirone plasma levels and adverse effects

Grapefruit juice (powder)

May cause increased buspirone plasma levels and adverse effects

Ketoconazole, Itraconazole

May cause increased buspirone plasma levels and adverse effects

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (e.g., selegiline, amitraz)

Use with buspirone is not recommended because dangerous hypertension may occur

Rifampin

May cause decreased buspirone plasma levels

Trazodone

Use with buspirone may cause increased ALT

Verapamil

May cause increased buspirone plasma levels

監視

  • Efficacy (reduction in anxiety, spraying, or fear behaviors)
  • Adverse effect profiles (GI upset, behavioral changes)

薬物動態

吸収

In humans, rapidly and completely absorbed but high first-pass effect limits systemic bioavailability to ~5%. In cats, oral peak levels occur in about 1.4 hours, but oral bioavailability appears significantly lower than in humans. Transdermal administration (PLO-base) does not yield detectable levels.

分布

Binding to plasma proteins is very high (95%). Highest tissue concentrations in lungs, kidneys, and fat. Distributed into maternal milk.

代謝

Hepatically metabolized to several metabolites, including one active metabolite (1-PP).

消失

Metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine.

過剰投与

Limited information is available in veterinary species. The oral LD50 in dogs is 586 mg/kg.

​Clinical Signs of Overdose:​

  • Vomiting
  • Dizziness
  • Drowsiness
  • Miosis (constricted pupils)
  • Gastric distention

​Treatment:​ Standard overdose protocols (e.g., decontamination, supportive care) should be followed after ingestion has been determined.

製品

製剤

  • Oral Tablets

ヒト用医薬品

  • Buspirone HCl Oral Tablets: 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg (BuSpar, generic)

規制ステータス

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Tablets should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature. After manufacture, buspirone tablets have an expiration date of 36 months.

飼主向け情報

​重要:​ この薬は「即効性」のあるものではなく、継続的な投与が必要です。

  • ​忍耐が鍵です:​ ペットの行動に顕著な改善が見られるまで、通常1〜4週間の毎日の投与が必要です。
  • ​頓服としての使用は不可:​ 毎日継続して与える必要があります。ストレスのかかる出来事(雷雨など)の時にだけ与えても効果はありません。
  • ​猫の行動変化:​ 多頭飼いの環境で使用する場合、以前は臆病だった猫が自信を持ち、いじめていた猫に立ち向かったり攻撃したりする可能性があります。猫同士の相互作用を注意深く観察してください。
  • ​副作用:​ 一般的に非常に安全です。軽度の胃腸の不調、めまい、または愛情表現の変化(猫が異常に甘えん坊になるなど)が見られる場合があります。
  • ​飲み忘れ:​ 投与を忘れた場合は、気づいた時に与えてください。ただし、絶対に2回分を一度に与えないでください。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。