セファクロル
セファクロルは経口の**第2世代セファロスポリン系**抗生物質です。第1世代セファロスポリン（セファレキシンなど）と類似した全体的な抗菌スペクトルを持ちますが、特定のグラム陰性菌（大腸菌、肺炎桿菌、プロテウス・ミラビリスの菌株など）に対してより強い活性を示します。 **臨床のポイント：** 獣医学における臨床経験は限られていますが、細菌培養および感受性試験において、第1世代セファロスポリンに耐性を示し、セファクロルに感受性を示す細菌感染症を治療する際の有用な経口代替薬となります。
作用機序: Cefaclor is a **bactericidal** beta-lactam antibiotic. * It binds to specific **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** located inside the bacterial cell wall. * Binding → Inhibition of the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking). * Defective cell wall → Cell lysis mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins). It possesses slightly better stability against certain beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative organisms compared to first-generation cephalosporins.
動物種別の用量
- Skin or soft tissue infections · 7 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · 21-30 days
- Systemic, lower respiratory tract infections · 10-13 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · 14 days · Maximum daily dose is 1 gram.
- Skin or soft tissue infections · 7 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · 21-30 days
- Systemic, lower respiratory tract infections · 10-13 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · 14 days · Maximum daily dose is 1 gram.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
- Use with caution in patients with documented penicillin allergy (potential cross-reactivity)
- Severe renal impairment (requires dosage adjustment)
有害事象
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis)
- Serum-sickness-like reactions
- Erythema multiforme (rare)
- Rash
- Transient increases in liver enzymes
- Transient increases in BUN and serum creatinine
薬物相互作用
- Antacids (magnesium or aluminum-containing) · Reduces extent of absorption of extended-release cefaclor tablets
- Probenecid · Reduced renal excretion of cefaclor
- Warfarin · Rare reports of increased anticoagulant effect
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Renal function in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency
過量投与
Cefaclor appears quite safe in dogs. * **Chronic high doses:** Dogs given daily PO doses of 200 mg/kg/day for 30 days developed soft stools, occasional emesis, and transient moderate decreases in hemoglobin. * **Massive chronic doses:** One dog given 400 mg/kg/day for one year developed a reversible thrombocytopenia.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。