セフォベシン
Cefovecin
Cefovecin sodium
別名: Convenia · UK-287074-02 · cefovecina sodica · céfovécine sodique · natrii cefovecinum
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
監査済み v13 用量エビデンス
構造化された用量計算エビデンスUTI and severe infections of the gingival and periodontal tissues (extra-label)
認証済み獣医師の確認が必要
- once
NA
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
セフォベシン (Cefovecin) は、犬および猫用に承認された長時間作用型の注射用第3世代セファロスポリン系抗生物質です。
主な臨床的特徴：
- コンプライアンスの向上： 飼い主が経口投与を続けるのが困難な場合や、経口抗生物質の忍容性や吸収が悪い患者にとって最大のメリットとなります。
- 抗菌スペクトル： 第3世代セファロスポリンとして広域スペクトルを持ちます。Staphylococcus pseudintermedius、Streptococcus canis (Group G)、Pasteurella multocida などの一般的な皮膚病原菌に対して高い有効性を示します。
- 制限事項： 緑膿菌 (Pseudomonas spp.) や腸球菌には無効です。また、タンパク結合率が非常に高いため、標準的な承認用量では全身性（尿路以外）の大腸菌感染症を治療するための有効な血清中濃度に達しません。
- 薬物動態学的特徴： 血漿タンパク質への高い親和性とゆっくりとした解離により半減期が非常に長く、1回の注射で標的病原菌の最小発育阻止濃度 (MIC) に応じて数日から数週間にわたり治療的な抗菌濃度を維持します。
作用機序
Cefovecin is a time-dependent, bactericidal beta-lactam antibiotic.
- Mechanism: Like other cephalosporins, cefovecin mimics the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminal of the peptidoglycan chain. It binds to and irreversibly inhibits bacterial Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs), specifically transpeptidases and carboxypeptidases.
- Pathway: Inhibition of PBPs → Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains → Weakens the bacterial cell wall → Osmotic instability → Bacterial cell lysis and death.
- Efficacy: Because it is a time-dependent antibiotic, maintaining free (unbound) drug concentrations above the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the target pathogen for a significant portion of the dosing interval is critical for its bactericidal efficacy.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Known allergy or hypersensitivity to cefovecin, other cephalosporins, or penicillins (beta-lactams)
- Small herbivores (e.g., guinea pigs, rabbits) due to risk of fatal dysbiosis
- Dogs or cats less than 4 months of age (USA label) or less than 8 weeks of age (UK label)
有害事象
- Lethargy and depression
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Mild to moderate increases in liver enzymes (ALT, GGT)
- Increases in BUN and moderately elevated serum creatinine (observed in cats)
- Injection site irritation, vocalization, and transient edema
- Hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis (rare but potentially fatal)
- Myelotoxicity creating toxic neutropenia (rare class effect)
- Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged coagulation times (rare class effect)
注意事項
Prolonged Duration Warning: Because cefovecin can persist in the body for up to 65 days, any adverse reactions (such as hypersensitivity or gastrointestinal upset) may require prolonged symptomatic and supportive treatment.
- Renal Impairment: Cefovecin is primarily eliminated via renal mechanisms. Use with caution in animals with severe renal dysfunction.
- Breeding/Lactation: Safe use in breeding or lactating animals has not been definitively established, though cephalosporins are generally considered safe. Weigh risks vs. benefits.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive urine glucose (copper reduction methods), falsely elevated creatinine (Jaffe reaction at high doses), falsely lowered albumin, and false-positive direct Coombs' tests.
医薬品相互作用
May compete for plasma protein binding sites, potentially increasing the free (active) concentrations of either drug.
May compete for plasma protein binding sites.
May compete for plasma protein binding sites.
May compete for plasma protein binding sites.
Concurrent use of highly protein-bound drugs may compete with cefovecin binding and cause adverse reactions, though actual clinical significance is not fully established.
Competition for plasma protein binding, potentially altering free drug concentrations
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of clinical signs of infection)
- Adverse effects (e.g., gastrointestinal upset, lethargy, injection site reactions)
- Renal and hepatic parameters in patients with pre-existing organ dysfunction
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Completely absorbed after subcutaneous injection. Peak plasma levels occur approximately 6 hours post-dose in dogs, and 2 hours post-dose in cats. Exhibits non-linear kinetics; increasing the dose does not proportionally increase plasma concentration.
分布
Highly bound to plasma proteins (98.5% in dogs; 99.8% in cats). The slow dissociation from these proteins is responsible for its long elimination half-life. Volume of distribution (steady-state): 0.122 ± 0.011 L/kg (dog), 0.09 ± 0.01 L/kg (cat).
代謝
Not extensively metabolized.
消失
Primarily eliminated via renal mechanisms, with the majority of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine. A small amount is excreted unchanged in the bile. Total body clearance: 0.76 ± 0.13 mL/hr/kg (dog), 0.350 ± 0.40 mL/kg/hr (cat). The drug may persist in the body for up to 65 days.
過剰投与
Acute overdoses are generally well tolerated and relatively safe.
- Dogs: Administered SC up to 180 mg/kg (22.5X the labeled dose) showed only injection site irritation, vocalization, and transient edema (which resolved within 8-24 hours).
- Cats: Administered the same 22.5X dose showed similar injection site signs. However, 10 days post-injection, treated cats had lower mean white blood cell counts compared to controls, and one cat exhibited a small amount of bilirubinuria on day 10.
- Treatment: If massive overdose occurs or severe adverse effects are noted, treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Due to the long half-life, prolonged monitoring may be required.
製品
製剤
- Injectable lyophilized powder (reconstitutes to 80 mg/mL)
動物用医薬品
- Cefovecin Sodium (lyophilized) 800 mg (of cefovecin) per 10 mL multidose vial (80 mg/mL when reconstituted); Convenia® (Pfizer); Rx
規制ステータス
POM-V classification. Highest priority critically important antibiotic.
POM-V classification.
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store the lyophilized powder and the reconstituted product in the original carton, refrigerated at 2°-8°C (36°-46°F). Protect from light. Use the entire contents of the vial within 28 days of reconstitution. The color of the solution may vary from clear to amber upon reconstitution and may darken over time; if stored properly, this color change does not adversely affect potency.
飼主向け情報
セフォベシン (コンベニア) とは？ セフォベシンは、動物病院で注射によって投与される長時間作用型の抗生物質です。特定の皮膚や軟部組織の感染症の治療に非常に効果的です。
飼い主様への重要なポイント：
- 利便性： 1回の注射で数日から数週間の抗生物質治療が可能となり、自宅で毎日錠剤や液薬を飲ませる手間が省けます。
- 長時間作用： この薬は注射後、ペットの体内に約2ヶ月間（最大65日間）留まります。
- 副作用： 一般的に非常に安全ですが、一部のペットで疲労感、食欲低下、嘔吐が見られることがあります。薬が体内に長く留まるため、アレルギー反応や重篤な副作用が生じた場合、長期間の獣医学的ケアが必要になることがあります。
- 必要な対応： 注射後に顔の腫れ、じんましん、激しい嘔吐、下痢、または極度の無気力に気づいた場合は、直ちに獣医師にご連絡ください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。