セフタジジム
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidimum
別名: Fortaz · Ceptaz · Tazicef · Tazidime · Fortum · Ceftazidimum · GR-20263 · LY-139381
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial antibiotic therapy of gram-negative infections | 25 mg/kg | IM or SC | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Initial treatment of orthopedic infections | 25 mg/kg | IV, IM | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Initial treatment of soft tissue infections | 30-50 mg/kg | IV, IM | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Initial treatment of sepsis, bacteremia | 15-30 mg/kg | IV, IM | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 30 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections | 30 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q4h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (CRI) | 4.4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 4.1 mg/kg/h | IV | CRI | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Empirical dose; maintain tissue concentrations above MIC.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: Increased frequency required for Pseudomonas.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (CRI): Continuous rate infusion to maintain time > MIC.
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial treatment of systemic infections | 25-30 mg/kg | IV, IM or intraosseous | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 30 mg/kg | IM | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Pseudomonas infections | 30 mg/kg | IM | q2-4h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Empirical dose.
- Pseudomonas infections: More frequent dosing recommended for Pseudomonas.
爬虫類
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 20 mg/kg | IM or SC | q72hours (every 3 days) | — | 🌎 NA |
| Bacterial infections in snakes (particularly Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa) | 20 mg/kg | IM | q72h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Chelonians | 50 mg/kg | IM | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Bacterial infections in snakes (particularly Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa): Maintain at 30°C
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
セフタジジムは強力な第3世代セファロスポリン系注射用抗生物質であり、主に他の薬剤に耐性を持つ重篤なグラム陰性菌感染症（特に緑膿菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa）の治療に使用されます。爬虫類において半減期が非常に長いため、エキゾチックアニマルの獣医療で特に有用であり、投与間隔を長く（例：3日に1回）することができます。通常、静脈内、筋肉内、または皮下注射で投与されます。
作用機序
Ceftazidime is a bactericidal time-dependent antibiotic.
It binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall → inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) → weakens the cell wall → leads to cell lysis and death due to osmotic instability.
Note: While it retains some gram-positive activity from earlier generations, its primary strength is its expanded gram-negative spectrum, including antipseudomonal activity.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity or prior allergic reaction to cephalosporins
有害事象
- Pain at IM injection site (SC may be less painful)
- Gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea, vomiting)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (allergic reactions)
- Granulocytopenia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Mild azotemia
- Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile)
- Increased serum liver enzymes (reported in humans)
注意事項
Renal Impairment: Because the drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys, accumulation may result in patients with significantly impaired renal function. Use with caution and adjust the dose as required.
- Cross-Reactivity: Up to 16% of humans allergic to penicillins may also be allergic to cephalosporins; the veterinary significance is unclear but warrants caution.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause a false-positive urine glucose determination when using cupric sulfate solution tests (e.g., Clinitest). May rarely cause positive direct Coombs' tests.
医薬品相互作用
Potential additive nephrotoxicity. In vitro synergy exists against certain bacteria, but they must NOT be mixed in the same syringe or fluid bag (administer separately).
May be antagonistic to ceftazidime's bactericidal effects on gram-negative bacilli; concurrent use is not recommended.
Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime.
Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity when used concurrently.
Loop diuretics may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Synergistic in vivo against Pseudomonas; however, chemically incompatible in vitro (do not mix in the same syringe).
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection signs)
- Baseline and ongoing renal function (BUN, Creatinine, Urinalysis)
- Injection site for signs of pain or inflammation
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Not appreciably absorbed after oral administration. Must be given parenterally.
分布
Widely distributed throughout the body, including into bone and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
代謝
Not extensively metabolized.
消失
Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys via glomerular filtration. Renal tubular excretion does not play a major role (probenecid does not affect elimination kinetics).
過剰投与
An acute overdose in patients with normal renal function is unlikely to be of great concern.
However, in patients with renal failure, overdosage of ceftazidime has caused seizures, encephalopathy, coma, neuromuscular excitability, asterixis, and myoclonia.
Treatment: Primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis could be used to enhance elimination.
製品
製剤
- Powder for Injection: 500 mg, 1 g, 2 g, 6 g
- Injection (premixed, frozen): 1 g, 2 g
ヒト用医薬品
- Ceftazidime Powder for Injection: 500 mg, 1 g, 2 g, & 6 g vials (Fortaz, Ceptaz, Tazicef, Tazidime)
- Ceftazidime Injection (premixed, frozen): 1 g & 2 g in 50 mL (Fortaz, Tazicef)
規制ステータス
Human authorized product used off-label under the Cascade. Classified as a highest priority critically important antibiotic; use is heavily restricted to cases lacking alternatives.
Human authorized product (POM) used off-label under the Cascade. Prudent use guidelines apply.
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Powders for injection: Store at 15-30°C (59-86°F) and protect from light. Frozen injection: Store at -20°C (-4°F) or lower. Reconstituted solutions (sodium carbonate formulations) effervesce (release CO2); do not allow pressure to normalize before adding diluent. Reconstituted potency: 24 hours at room temp (18h for arginine formulation), 7 days refrigerated. Frozen in plastic syringes: stable for 3 months at -20°C. Thawed solutions: stable for 8 hours at room temp, 4 days refrigerated. Do not refreeze.
飼主向け情報
- 投与方法: 獣医師から自宅での皮下注射（SC）を指示される場合があります。正しい注射方法を確認してください。
- 保管方法: 指示された保管方法を厳守してください。冷凍シリンジで処方された場合は冷凍庫で保管し、必要な分だけ室温で解凍してください。一度解凍した薬液は絶対に再冷凍しないでください。
- 副作用: 胃腸の不調（下痢、嘔吐）やアレルギー反応（顔の腫れ、呼吸困難など）が見られた場合は、すぐに獣医師にご連絡ください。
- 注射部位: 注射部位に赤み、腫れ、痛みがないか観察してください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。