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セフチオフル塩酸塩

Ceftiofur HCl

Ceftiofur hydrochloride

抗生物質 - 第3世代セファロスポリンIMSCIntramammary犬牛豚

別名: Excenel RTU · Spectramast DC · Spectramast LC · Naxcel (Sodium salt variant) · Cefenil · U-64279A · ceftiofuri hydrochloridium · Ceftiofurum · Ceftiofur sodium

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

WHO最高位重要抗菌薬 — 慎重に使用し、不要な処方は避ける
2.2 mg/kgSC· q24h· Not specified
— 🐕

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

犬

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Susceptible urinary tract infections2.2 mg/kgSCq24hNot specified🌍 EU
Sepsis/bacteraemia4.4 mg/kgSCq24hNot specified🌍 EU
  • Susceptible urinary tract infections: Authorized for use in dogs in other countries where the main indication is UTI treatment.
  • Sepsis/bacteraemia: Higher (double) dose indicated to treat sepsis/bacteraemia.

牛

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Bovine respiratory disease and acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis1.1 to 2.2 mg/kgIM/SCq24h3 days (up to 5 days if needed)🌎 NA
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) only2.2 mg/kgIM/SCq48hDays 1 and 3🌎 NA
Acute post-partum metritis2.2 mg/kgIM/SCq24h5 consecutive days🌎 NA
Neonatal salmonellosis5 mg/kgIMq24h5 days🌎 NA
Subclinical mastitis at time of dry offInfuse one syringe (500 mg)IntramammaryOnceAt dry off🌎 NA
Clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattleInfuse one syringe (125 mg)Intramammaryq24h2 days (up to 8 consecutive days for extended therapy)🌎 NA
  • Bovine respiratory disease and acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
  • Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) only: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
  • Acute post-partum metritis: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
  • Subclinical mastitis at time of dry off: Infuse into each affected quarter.
  • Clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle: Infuse into each affected quarter.

豚

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Bacterial respiratory disease3 to 5 mg/kgIMq24h3 consecutive days🌎 NA
  • Bacterial respiratory disease: 1 mL of sterile suspension per 22 to 37 lb body weight.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

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概要

セフチオフル塩酸塩は、​獣医専用の第3世代セファロスポリン系​抗生物質です。主に大動物（特に豚や牛）の細菌性呼吸器疾患、趾間腐爛（フットロット）、急性子宮内膜炎、乳房炎の治療に使用されます。

主な特徴：

  • ​広域スペクトル：​ ​パスツレラ​、​レンサ球菌​、​ブドウ球菌​、​サルモネラ​、​大腸菌​など、多様なグラム陽性および陰性菌に対して有効です。
  • ​活性代謝物：​ 投与後速やかにデスフロイルセフチオフルに変換され、親化合物と同等の効力を示します。
  • ​臨床上のポイント：​ 一部の製剤（Excenel RTUなど）は、泌乳牛において休薬期間（廃棄乳期間）がゼロであるため、酪農業において非常に有用ですが、屠畜に関する休薬期間は厳守する必要があります。

作用機序

Ceftiofur is a time-dependent, bactericidal antibiotic.

  • ​Mechanism:​ It binds to ​penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)​ located inside the bacterial cell wall → inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis → leads to weakened cell walls, cell lysis, and bacterial death.
  • ​Metabolism Pathway:​ Parent ceftiofur is rapidly cleaved into furoic acid and desfuroylceftiofur (the primary active metabolite).
  • ​Reservoir Effect:​ The active metabolite is highly protein-bound, which creates a 'reservoir effect' that maintains active, therapeutic drug concentrations at the site of infection for extended periods.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Patients with a documented history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
  • Use with caution in patients hypersensitive to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems) due to potential cross-reactivity

有害事象

  • Pain on IM injection (especially in small animals)
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, anaphylaxis)
  • Gastrointestinal distress / diarrhea
  • Granulocytopenia (rare)
  • Thrombocytopenia (rare)
  • Injection site discoloration

注意事項

​Warning:​ Hypersensitivity reactions can occur. Cross-reactivity with penicillins is possible.

  • ​Tissue Discoloration:​ IM or SC injections can cause injection site discoloration, resulting in trim-out of edible tissues at slaughter (persisting up to 11 days in the neck, or >28 days in the rear leg of cattle).
  • ​Withdrawal Times:​ Strict adherence to slaughter and milk withdrawal times is legally required and varies significantly by specific product and species.
  • ​Renal Impairment:​ Patients in renal failure may require dosage adjustments due to decreased clearance.
  • ​Laboratory Interference:​ May cause false-positive urine glucose tests (cupric sulfate method), falsely elevated creatinine (Jaffe reaction), and false-positive direct Coombs' tests.

医薬品相互作用

Aminoglycosides / Nephrotoxic Drugs (e.g., amphotericin B)

Potential for additive nephrotoxicity. In vitro studies show synergistic antibacterial activity, but they must NOT be mixed together in the same syringe or fluid line.

Probenecid

Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and prolonging serum half-lives.

AminoglycosidesModerate

Synergistic antibacterial effect, but should not be mixed in the same syringe due to chemical incompatibility.

Amphotericin BMajor

Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)Major

Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

監視

  • Clinical efficacy and resolution of infection
  • Weekly CBC monitoring (if used off-label in small animals)
  • Renal function parameters in patients with pre-existing renal impairment
  • Injection site reactions

薬物動態

吸収

Rapidly absorbed following intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) administration.

分布

Volume of distribution in cattle is approximately 0.3 L/kg. Protein binding creates a 'reservoir effect' at the site of infection. In swine, highest tissue concentrations are found in the kidneys, followed by lungs, liver, and muscle.

代謝

Rapidly metabolized to desfuroylceftiofur, the primary active metabolite, which has equivalent potency to the parent compound.

消失

Eliminated primarily via the kidneys. Elimination half-life in cattle is approximately 8-12 hours. Elimination kinetics in milk can vary based on milk production volume; cows producing smaller volumes may have prolonged withdrawal times.

過剰投与

Cephalosporin overdoses are generally well-tolerated and unlikely to cause significant problems other than gastrointestinal distress. However, extreme overdoses could theoretically induce hypersensitivity or hematologic abnormalities.

​Important:​ Use of dosages in excess of those labeled or via unapproved routes may cause violative tissue or milk residues. Contact FARAD for assistance in determining appropriate withdrawal times if an overdose occurs in food-producing animals.

製品

製剤

  • Injectable sterile suspension (ready-to-use)
  • Intramammary infusion syringe (dry cow)
  • Intramammary infusion syringe (lactating cow)

動物用医薬品

  • Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for injection: 50 mg/mL in 100 mL vials (Excenel RTU®)
  • Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for Intramammary Infusion in Dry Cows: 500 mg per 10 mL syringe (Spectramast® DC)
  • Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for Intramammary Infusion in Lactating Cows: 125 mg per 10 mL syringe (Spectramast® LC)

規制ステータス

European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品EMA
🐄 Cattle pigs🐴 Horses

POM-V. Only licensed for use in large animals in the UK/EU; use in dogs is off-label (cascade).

United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品VMD
🐄 Cattle pigs🐴 Horses

POM-V. Only licensed for use in large animals; use in dogs is off-label.

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store ready-to-use injectable products and intramammary syringes at controlled room temperature 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F). Shake injectable suspensions well before using. Protect from freezing. Protect intramammary syringes from light and store in carton until used.

飼主向け情報

​注意：​ この薬は主に産業動物（牛や豚）に処方されます。

  • ​投与方法：​ 獣医師の指示通りに正確に投与してください。動物が回復したように見えても、抗生物質耐性を防ぐために治療コースを最後まで完了してください。
  • ​食品動物の安全性：​ 人間の食料供給への薬物残留を防ぐため、屠畜および搾乳の休薬期間を厳守することが法律で義務付けられています。休薬期間は使用する製品（例：Excenel RTUやSpectramast）によって異なります。
  • ​副作用：​ アレルギー反応の兆候（じんましん、腫れ、呼吸困難など）や下痢がないか観察してください。
  • ​注射部位：​ 注射により、注射部位に一時的な痛みや組織の変色が生じる可能性があることに留意してください。

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