セファレキシン
Cephalexin
Cephalexin monohydrate
別名: Keflex · Ceporex · Cefalexina · Cefaseptin · Cephacare · Cephorum · Rilexine · Therios · Tsefalen · cefalexinum · 66873 · Cephalexin
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
監査済み v13 用量エビデンス
構造化された用量計算エビデンスSusceptible infections (extra-label)
- q8-12h
NA
必ず考慮する臨床コンテキスト (3)
- ■ Therapeutic drug monitoring is not routinely done with these agents.
- ■ This medicine can be given with or without food, but gastrointestinal side effects might be prevented if given with food.
- Cephalexin tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, and powder for oral suspension should be stored at room temperature (15°C-30°C; 59°F-86°F) in tight containers. After reconstitution, the oral suspension is stable for 2 weeks when refrigerated.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
セファレキシンは広く使用されている第1世代セファロスポリン系抗生物質です。グラム陽性菌、特にStaphylococcus pseudintermediusやStaphylococcus aureusに対して高い有効性を示し、獣医皮膚科、特に犬の膿皮症治療において中心的な役割を果たします。
- 抗菌スペクトル: ほとんどのグラム陽性菌(レンサ球菌、ブドウ球菌)に優れた効果を示し、一部のグラム陰性菌(大腸菌、クレブシエラ、プロテウス・ミラビリス)にも有効です。
- 耐性: 腸球菌、緑膿菌、メチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌(MRSA/MRSP)、およびBacteroides fragilisには通常無効です。
- 臨床的特徴: セファレキシンは時間依存性の抗生物質であり、感染部位での薬物濃度が最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)を上回る時間が有効性を左右します。犬や猫では経口投与の忍容性が良好ですが、馬では経口バイオアベイラビリティが非常に低いです。
作用機序
Cephalexin is a bactericidal antibiotic that disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis.
- Mechanism: It binds to specific enzymes known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (e.g., transpeptidases, carboxypeptidases) located on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane.
- Pathway: Binding to PBPs → Inhibition of the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis → Formation of a defective, osmotically unstable cell wall (spheroplast) → Cell lysis and death.
- Like other beta-lactams, it is most effective against actively dividing bacteria.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
- Patients with septicemia, shock, or grave illness (oral absorption is unreliable; parenteral routes preferred)
有害事象
- Gastrointestinal upset (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
- Salivation, tachypnea, and excitability (reported in dogs)
- Emesis and fever (reported in cats)
- Nephrotoxicity (rare)
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis (rarely reported in cats)
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea or gut flora alteration
注意事項
Hypersensitivity Cross-Reactivity: Use with caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems), as cross-reactivity can occur.
- Renal Impairment: Use cautiously and consider dose reduction in patients with renal dysfunction or those receiving concurrent nephrotoxic drugs.
- Critically Ill Patients: Do not use oral systemic antibiotics in patients with shock or septicemia due to delayed or diminished GI absorption.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive urine glucose tests (with cupric sulfate solutions like Clinitest) and falsely elevated serum/urine creatinine (with Jaffe reaction).
医薬品相互作用
Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and prolonging serum half-lives.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity. Do not mix in the same syringe.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of clinical signs and negative cultures)
- Renal function (BUN, creatinine, urinalysis) in patients with pre-existing renal disease or those on concurrent nephrotoxic drugs
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Bioavailability is approximately 75% in dogs and cats. Food has little impact on absorption. In horses, oral bioavailability is very low (approx. 5%).
分布
Widely distributed into most body tissues and fluids. Crosses the placenta and is distributed into maternal milk in small amounts.
代謝
Undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism.
消失
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
過剰投与
Acute oral cephalosporin overdoses are unlikely to cause significant problems other than gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia).
- Severe Overdose: Extremely high doses or very prolonged use has been associated with neurotoxicity, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and tubular necrosis.
- Treatment: Treatment is generally supportive and symptomatic. Emptying the gut may be considered for massive recent ingestions.
製品
製剤
- Oral capsules
- Oral tablets
- Powder for oral suspension
- Injectable suspension (available outside the USA)
動物用医薬品
- None approved in the USA (injectable forms available internationally)
ヒト用医薬品
- Cephalexin Oral Capsules: 250 mg, 333 mg, 500 mg & 750 mg (Keflex, generic)
- Cephalexin Oral Tablets: 250 mg & 500 mg (Keflex, generic)
- Cephalexin Powder for Oral Suspension: 125 mg/5mL & 250 mg/5 mL (Keflex, generic)
規制ステータス
POM-V classification
POM-V classification
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store tablets, capsules, and powder for oral suspension at room temperature (15-30°C) in tight containers. After reconstitution, the oral suspension is stable for 2 weeks.
飼主向け情報
セファレキシンは、細菌感染症、特に皮膚感染症(膿皮症)の治療によく処方される抗生物質です。
- 投与方法: 食事と一緒でも、空腹時でも投与できます。もし薬を飲んだ後に吐いたり、気分が悪そうにしている場合は、少量の食事やおやつと一緒に与えてみてください。
- 最後まで飲み切る: ペットの症状が完全に良くなったように見えても、獣医師に指示された期間は必ず薬を最後まで飲ませてください。途中でやめると、耐性菌が発生する原因になります。
- アレルギー反応: まれにアレルギー反応が起こることがあります。顔の腫れ、じんましん、激しい痒み、突然の下痢、呼吸困難などの症状が見られた場合は、すぐに獣医師に連絡してください。
- 保管方法: カプセルや錠剤は室温で保管してください。シロップ(懸濁液)を処方された場合は、ボトルの保管指示に従ってください(通常、混合後14日間安定です)。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。
