セファピリン
**セファピリン**は**第1世代セファロスポリン系**抗菌薬であり、獣医療では主に牛の乳房炎および子宮内膜炎の治療に使用されます。 * **抗菌スペクトル**: 乳房炎の原因となる多くのグラム陽性菌（ブドウ球菌やレンサ球菌など）および一部のグラム陰性菌に有効です。 * **臨床用途**: **乳房内**または**子宮内**への局所投与が行われます。全身用の注射剤は現在、獣医療ではほとんど使用されていません。 * **重要な考慮事項**: 食用動物においては、違法な残留を防ぐため、休薬期間（搾乳および屠畜）を厳守することが不可欠です。
作用機序: Cephapirin is a **time-dependent, bactericidal** beta-lactam antibiotic. * Binds to specific **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** (such as **transpeptidases**, **carboxypeptidases**, and **endopeptidases**) located inside the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. * Inhibition of these enzymes → blocks the final stages of mucopeptide (peptidoglycan) synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. * Defective cell wall formation → creates an osmotically unstable spheroplast → **cell lysis** and death. * *Note*: Like other beta-lactams, it is most effective against actively growing and dividing bacteria.
動物種別の用量
- Mastitis (Lactating cow) · After milking out udder, clean and dry teat area. Swab teat tip with alcohol wipe and allow to dry. Insert tip of syringe into teat canal; push plunger to instill entire contents. Massage quarter and do not milk out for 12 hours. · Intramammary · q12h · May repeat dose · Milk withdrawal = 96 hours; Slaughter withdrawal = 4 days.
- Mastitis (Dry Cow) · Same basic directions as above, but should be done at the time of drying off and not later than 30 days prior to calving. · Intramammary · Once at drying off · Single treatment · Milk withdrawal = 72 hours after calving; Slaughter withdrawal = 42 days.
- Subacute and chronic endometritis (at least 14 days after parturition) · Contents of syringe (500 mg) instilled through the cervix into the lumen of the uterus; depending on response may re-treat in 7-14 days if signs persist. · Intrauterine · Once, may repeat in 7-14 days · 1-2 treatments · May be used one day after insemination. If pyometra, pretreatment with a prostaglandin recommended.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
有害事象
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy)
- Anaphylaxis (rare but possible)
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of mastitis or endometritis)
- Renal function (in patients with diminished renal capacity, though primarily a concern for systemic use)
過量投与
No significant clinical adverse effects are expected with acute overdosage. However, if used at doses or rates higher than labeled, **withdrawal times for milk and meat may be significantly prolonged**.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。