セファピリン
Cephapirin
Cephapirin sodium, Cephapirin benzathine
別名: Cefa-Lak · Cefa-Dri · ToDAY · ToMORROW · Metricure · BL-P-1322 · cefapirinum natricum · Brisfirina · Cefaloject · Cefatrex · Lopitrex · Piricef
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
牛
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mastitis (Lactating cow) | After milking out udder, clean and dry teat area. Swab teat tip with alcohol wipe and allow to dry. Insert tip of syringe into teat canal; push plunger to instill entire contents. Massage quarter and do not milk out for 12 hours. | Intramammary | q12h | May repeat dose | 🌎 NA |
| Mastitis (Dry Cow) | Same basic directions as above, but should be done at the time of drying off and not later than 30 days prior to calving. | Intramammary | Once at drying off | Single treatment | 🌎 NA |
| Subacute and chronic endometritis (at least 14 days after parturition) | Contents of syringe (500 mg) instilled through the cervix into the lumen of the uterus; depending on response may re-treat in 7-14 days if signs persist. | Intrauterine | Once, may repeat in 7-14 days | 1-2 treatments | 🌎 NA |
- Mastitis (Lactating cow): Milk withdrawal = 96 hours; Slaughter withdrawal = 4 days.
- Mastitis (Dry Cow): Milk withdrawal = 72 hours after calving; Slaughter withdrawal = 42 days.
- Subacute and chronic endometritis (at least 14 days after parturition): May be used one day after insemination. If pyometra, pretreatment with a prostaglandin recommended.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
セファピリンは第1世代セファロスポリン系抗菌薬であり、獣医療では主に牛の乳房炎および子宮内膜炎の治療に使用されます。
- 抗菌スペクトル: 乳房炎の原因となる多くのグラム陽性菌（ブドウ球菌やレンサ球菌など）および一部のグラム陰性菌に有効です。
- 臨床用途: 乳房内または子宮内への局所投与が行われます。全身用の注射剤は現在、獣医療ではほとんど使用されていません。
- 重要な考慮事項: 食用動物においては、違法な残留を防ぐため、休薬期間（搾乳および屠畜）を厳守することが不可欠です。
作用機序
Cephapirin is a time-dependent, bactericidal beta-lactam antibiotic.
- Binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (such as transpeptidases, carboxypeptidases, and endopeptidases) located inside the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
- Inhibition of these enzymes → blocks the final stages of mucopeptide (peptidoglycan) synthesis in the bacterial cell wall.
- Defective cell wall formation → creates an osmotically unstable spheroplast → cell lysis and death.
- Note: Like other beta-lactams, it is most effective against actively growing and dividing bacteria.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
有害事象
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy)
- Anaphylaxis (rare but possible)
注意事項
Cross-Reactivity: Use cautiously in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, cefamycins, carbapenems) due to potential cross-reactivity.
- Pregnancy: Cephalosporins cross the placenta. Safe use during pregnancy has not been firmly established, though no teratogenic problems have been documented.
- Withdrawal Times: Extended withdrawal times may be prudent in cows with very low milk production (<25 kg/day) as they appear to absorb more drug systemically.
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of mastitis or endometritis)
- Renal function (in patients with diminished renal capacity, though primarily a concern for systemic use)
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
When administered via intramammary infusion, it is rapidly metabolized to the active metabolite desacetylcephaprin in milk. Cows with low daily milk production (<25kg) appear to absorb more cephalothin systemically.
分布
Apparent volume of distribution (systemic) in cattle is 0.335-0.399 L/kg.
代謝
Rapidly metabolized to the active metabolite desacetylcephaprin in milk.
消失
Total body clearance is 12.66 mL/min/kg in cattle.
過剰投与
No significant clinical adverse effects are expected with acute overdosage. However, if used at doses or rates higher than labeled, withdrawal times for milk and meat may be significantly prolonged.
製品
製剤
- Intramammary suspension/syringe
- Intrauterine suspension/syringe
動物用医薬品
- Cephapirin Sodium Mastitis Tube; 200 mg cephapirin per 10 mL tube (ToDAY, Cefa-Lak)
- Cephapirin Benzathine Mastitis Tube; 300 mg cephapirin per 10 mL tube (ToMORROW, Cefa-Dri)
- Cephapirin Benzathine Intrauterine Infusion Syringe; 500 mg (Metricure)
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store intramammary syringes at controlled room temperature (15-30°C); avoid excessive heat.
飼主向け情報
生産者向けの重要な注意事項: この薬は主に乳牛および肉牛の局所感染症に使用されます。
- 投与技術: 新たな環境細菌の侵入を防ぐため、注入前に乳頭先端または外陰部をアルコールで徹底的に清拭・消毒してください。
- 休薬期間: 食品への違法な薬物残留を防ぐため、定められた廃棄乳期間および屠畜休薬期間を厳守してください。泌乳量の少ない牛では休薬期間の延長が必要になる場合があることに注意してください。
- アレルギー反応: 蕁麻疹、腫れ、突然の呼吸困難などの過敏症の兆候に注意してください。これらが発生した場合は、直ちに獣医師に連絡してください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。