クロルテトラサイクリン

動物種別の用量

投与経路

禁忌

• Known hypersensitivity to chlortetracycline or other tetracyclines
• Guinea pigs (causes fatal clostridial enterotoxemia)

有害事象

• Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
• Discoloration of developing teeth and bones (yellow, brown, or gray)
• Delayed bone growth and healing (at high doses)
• Hepatotoxicity
• Increased BUN (antianabolic effect)
• Ruminal microflora depression and stasis (in ruminants)
• Intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (with rapid IV injection of propylene glycol-based products)
• Colic, fever, and hair loss (in cats)
• Severe diarrhea (in stressed horses)
• Superinfections (bacterial or fungal overgrowth)
• Photosensitivity

薬物相互作用

• Beta-lactam Antibiotics · Bacteriostatic action of tetracyclines may interfere with the bactericidal activity of penicillins and cephalosporins.
• Aminoglycosides · May interfere with bactericidal activity.
• Digoxin · May increase the bioavailability of digoxin in a small percentage of patients, potentially leading to toxicity.
• Divalent or Trivalent Cations (Antacids, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, Bismuth) · Chelation occurs, significantly decreasing the oral absorption of the tetracycline. Separate administration by at least 1-2 hours.
• Warfarin · May depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage may need adjustment.

モニタリング

• Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
• Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
• Renal function (BUN, creatinine) and hepatic function, especially with prolonged use or in compromised patients
• Fluid and electrolyte status if severe GI distress occurs

過量投与

Tetracyclines are generally well tolerated after acute overdoses. * **Oral Overdose:** Most likely associated with gastrointestinal disturbances (vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea). If severe emesis or diarrhea develops, monitor and replace fluids and electrolytes. * **Chronic Overdose:** May lead to drug accumulation and nephrotoxicity. * **Ruminants:** High oral doses can cause ruminal microflora depression and ruminoreticular stasis. * **Intravenous Overdose:** Rapid IV injection of undiluted propylene glycol-based products can cause intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria. Rapid IV injection can also induce transient collapse and cardiac arrhythmias due to chelation with intravascular calcium ions.