シプロフロキサシン
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin HCl
別名: Cipro XR · Cipro I.V. · Ciloxan · ciprofloxacine · ciprofloxacinum · ciprofloxacino · Bay-q-3939
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-15 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| UTI | 10 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Skin, soft tissue infections | 10-15 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Bone systemic infections, bacteremia and more resistant pathogens (e.g., Enterobacter) | 20 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pyoderma | 11 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ocular infections | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q6h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy) | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q30-120mins | 1-2 days | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Avoid or reduce dosage in severe renal failure; avoid in young animals or pregnant/breeding animals.
- Ocular infections: Standard therapy
- Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy): For short-term intensive use
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-15 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ocular infections | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q6h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy) | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q30-120mins | 1-2 days | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Avoid or reduce dosage in severe renal failure; avoid in young animals or pregnant/breeding animals.
- Ocular infections: Standard therapy
- Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy): For short-term intensive use
小型哺乳類
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections (Rabbits) | 5-20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections (Chinchillas, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats) | 7-20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pasteurellosis (Rabbits) | 15-20 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | twice daily | minimum of 14 days in mild cases and up to several months in chronic infections | 🌎 NA |
- Pasteurellosis (Rabbits): ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin
フェレット
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-15 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
鳥
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible gram-negative infections | 20-40 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible gram-negative infections | 20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible gram-negative infections | 10-15 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections (Ratites) | 3-6 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible gram-negative infections: Using ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablets. Crushed tablet goes into suspension well, but must be shaken well before administering.
- Susceptible gram-negative infections: Using crushed tablets
- Susceptible gram-negative infections: Using crushed tablets or suspend
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
シプロフロキサシンは、第2世代のフルオロキノロン系抗菌薬であり、人医療で広く使用され、獣医療でも適応外使用として頻繁に利用されます。
- 抗菌スペクトル: 広域スペクトルを持ち、多くのグラム陰性桿菌および球菌（緑膿菌、大腸菌、クレブシエラ属など）や一部のグラム陽性菌（メチシリン耐性株を含むブドウ球菌属など）に対して高い有効性を示します。嫌気性菌やほとんどのレンサ球菌に対する活性は弱いです。
- 薬物動態学的特徴: 犬における経口バイオアベイラビリティはエンロフロキサシンよりも著しく低く不安定です（エンロフロキサシンが80%以上であるのに対し、約40〜50%）。そのため、犬においてエンロフロキサシンの1:1の経口代替薬とは通常みなされません。
- 臨床的有用性: 真の静脈内（IV）フルオロキノロン製剤が必要な場合、特定の培養結果に基づく治療、またはより大きな経口剤形が望まれる場合によく選択されます。
作用機序
Ciprofloxacin is a bactericidal, concentration-dependent antibiotic.
- It enters the bacterial cell and inhibits two key type-II topoisomerase enzymes: DNA gyrase (primary target in gram-negative bacteria) and Topoisomerase IV (primary target in gram-positive bacteria).
- Inhibition of these enzymes → prevents DNA supercoiling and relaxation → halts DNA replication and transcription → rapid bacterial cell death (within 20-30 minutes of exposure).
- Exhibits a significant post-antibiotic effect (PAE), meaning bacterial growth continues to be suppressed even after drug concentrations fall below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones
- Small and medium breed dogs 2-8 months of age (due to cartilage damage)
- Large and giant breed dogs during their rapid growth phase (past 8 months of age)
- Known hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
有害事象
- GI distress (vomiting, anorexia)
- Cartilage abnormalities in young, growing animals
- CNS stimulation (dizziness, seizures)
- Crystalluria
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Local irritation after application
- Local burning and itching (reported in humans)
- Lid margin crusting (reported in humans)
- Hyperaemia (reported in humans)
- Taste disturbances (reported in humans)
- Corneal staining (reported in humans)
- Keratitis (reported in humans)
- Lid oedema (reported in humans)
- Lacrimation (reported in humans)
- Photophobia (reported in humans)
- Corneal infiltrates (reported in humans)
- Nausea (reported in humans)
- Visual disturbances (reported in humans)
注意事項
Caution: Use with care in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment (dosage adjustments may be required to prevent accumulation).
- Hydration: Animals should not be allowed to become dehydrated during therapy due to the risk of crystalluria.
- Neurologic: Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders due to potential CNS stimulation.
- Feline Retinal Toxicity: Use high doses in cats with caution. While retinal toxicity appears less likely than with enrofloxacin (as ciprofloxacin is less lipophilic), caution is still advised.
医薬品相互作用
May bind to ciprofloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours
Synergism may occur against some bacteria (particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of cyclosporine
Severe hypoglycemia possible
Decreased ciprofloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least two hours
Increased MTX levels possible with resultant toxicity
May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use not recommended
May alter phenytoin levels
Blocks tubular secretion of ciprofloxacin and may increase its blood level and half-life
Increased risk for cardiotoxicity
May inhibit absorption of ciprofloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours
May increase theophylline blood levels
Potential for increased warfarin effects
監視
- Clinical efficacy
- Adverse effects (GI signs, CNS stimulation)
- Hydration status
- Clinical resolution of ocular infection
- Corneal healing (via fluorescein staining)
- Signs of local irritation or hypersensitivity
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Well absorbed after oral administration in most species, but in dogs, bioavailability is at least half that of enrofloxacin. Poorly absorbed in ponies (2-12%). Oral bioavailability is ~50% in calves and ~40% in pigs.
分布
In humans, Vd is ~23.5 L/kg and 20-40% bound to serum proteins. Protein binding is ~70% in calves and ~23% in pigs.
代謝
Metabolized to various metabolites that are less active than the parent compound. (Note: Ciprofloxacin is itself a major active metabolite of enrofloxacin in many species).
消失
Approximately 15-50% eliminated unchanged into the urine by both tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Metabolites are eliminated in both urine and feces.
過剰投与
Little specific information is available for ciprofloxacin overdosage in veterinary species. Overdoses may result in GI distress, CNS signs (tremors, seizures), or renal toxicity (crystalluria). Treatment should consist of supportive care, maintaining adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria, and gastric decontamination if ingestion was recent. See the enrofloxacin monograph for more extrapolated information.
製品
製剤
- Extended-release oral tablets
- Microcapsules for oral suspension
- Solution for injection
- Ophthalmic: 0.3% solution in 5 ml bottle
動物用医薬品
- None
ヒト用医薬品
- Ciprofloxacin Oral Tablets: 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg & 750 mg; Cipro®; generic
- Ciprofloxacin Extended-Release Oral Tablets: 500 mg & 1000 mg; Cipro XR®; generic
- Ciprofloxacin Microcapsules for Oral Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL (5%) & 500 mg/5 mL (10%) when reconstituted; Cipro®
- Ciprofloxacin Solution for Injection: 200 mg & 400 mg in 100 mL & 200 mL in 5% dextrose flexible containers (0.2%); Cipro® I.V.; generic
- Ciloxan 0.3% w/v eye drops, solution
規制ステータス
Subject to veterinary prescription. Fluoroquinolones are restricted for use only when other antibiotics are ineffective.
POM-V or POM (human crossover). Must adhere to responsible antimicrobial use guidelines.
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Tablets should be stored in tight containers at temperatures less than 30°C. Protect from strong UV light. The injection should be stored at 5°-25°C and protected from light and freezing.
飼主向け情報
重要: 感染症を完全に治療するため、処方された通りに正確に投与し、投与をスキップしないでください。
- 投与方法: 空腹時の投与が最適です。胃腸の不調を引き起こす場合は少量のおやつと一緒に与えても構いませんが、乳製品（チーズ、牛乳、ヨーグルトなど）とは絶対に一緒に与えないでください。カルシウムが薬の吸収を妨げます。
- サプリメント: 制酸薬、鉄分、亜鉛のサプリメントとは少なくとも2時間の間隔を空けてください。
- 水分補給: 尿中の結晶形成を防ぐため、ペットが常に新鮮な水を十分に飲めるようにしてください。
- 副作用: 嘔吐、食欲不振、または異常な神経症状（めまいや震えなど）がないか観察してください。これらの症状が現れた場合は獣医師に連絡してください。
- 成長期のペット: 関節や軟骨に問題を引き起こす可能性があるため、若くて成長期の動物には通常使用されません。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。