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クリンダマイシン

Clindamycin

Clindamycin hydrochloride, Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride, Clindamycin phosphate

リンコサマイド系抗生物質POIMIVSCtopical犬猫フェレット鳥爬虫類

別名: Antirobe · Cleocin · Clintabs · Clinsol · Clinacin · Clindacyl · Clindaseptin · Mycinor · Zodon · chlorodeoxylincomycin hydrochloride · (7S)-chloro-7-deoxy-lincomycin hydrochloride · clindamycini hydrochloridum · U-28508 · U-25179E · Clindamycine · Clindamicina

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

WHO高位重要抗菌薬 — 責任ある使用を推奨
5.5-33 mg/kgPO· q12h· Up to 28 days
— 🐕

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

犬

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections5.5-33 mg/kgPOq12hUp to 28 days🌎 NA
Osteomyelitis11-33 mg/kgPOq12hUp to 28 days🌎 NA
Staphylococcal pyoderma11 mg/kgPOonce daily7-28 days🌎 NA
Wounds, abscesses, dental infections, stomatitis5-11 mg/kgPOq12h7-28 days🌎 NA
Osteomyelitis11 mg/kgPOq12h28 days🌎 NA
Systemic bacteremia3-10 mg/kgIV, IM, SC, POq8has long as needed🌎 NA
Susceptible bacterial infections5-11 mg/kgIM, SC, POq12h—🌎 NA
Sepsis11 mg/kgIVq12h—🌎 NA
Recurrent superficial pyodermas11 mg/kgPOonce daily to twice a day—🌎 NA
Actinomycosis5 mg/kgSCq12h—🌎 NA
Susceptible hepatobiliary infections10-16 mg/kg SC once daily or 5-10 mg/kg PO q12hSC, POonce daily or q12h—🌎 NA
Anaerobic infections5-10 mg/kgPO, IVq12h—🌎 NA
Intra-abdominal sepsis5-11 mg/kgIV, SC, POq8-12h5-7 days🌎 NA
Pancreatitis5-11 mg/kgIV, SC, POq8-12h3-5 days🌎 NA
Susceptible respiratory infections10 mg/kgPO, SCq12h—🌎 NA
Surgical prophylaxis for gram-positive aerobes and anaerobic coverage5-11 mg/kgPOonce16-60 minutes preoperatively🌎 NA
Toxoplasmosis12.5 mg/kgPO, IMq12h28 days🌎 NA
Neospora10 mg/kgPOq12h4 weeks🌎 NA
Hepatozoon canis10 mg/kgPOq8h2-4 weeks🌎 NA
Babesia spp.12.5 mg/kgPOq12h2 weeks🌎 NA
Babesia infections (if specific antibabesial drugs are not available)25 mg/kgPOq12h7-21 days🌎 NA
Hepatozoon americanum infections10 mg/kgPOq8h14 days🌎 NA
Susceptible infections5.5 mg/kgPOq12h—🌍 EU
Severe infections11 mg/kgPOq12h—🌍 EU
Toxoplasmosis/neosporosis25 mg/kgPOdaily in divided doses—🌍 EU
  • Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections: If no response after 3-4 days, discontinue.
  • Osteomyelitis: If no response after 3-4 days, discontinue.
  • Susceptible bacterial infections: Avoid or reduce dose in patients with severe liver failure
  • Recurrent superficial pyodermas: Resistance can develop quickly
  • Susceptible hepatobiliary infections: In patients with liver function impairment: 5 mg/kg PO q12h or SC q24h
  • Intra-abdominal sepsis: Combined with gentamicin or a parenteral 3rd generation cephalosporin or enrofloxacin
  • Neospora: Used concurrently with trimethoprim/sulfa (15 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks)
  • Hepatozoon canis: Use concurrently with pyrimethamine and trimethoprim/sulfa
  • Hepatozoon americanum infections: Use concurrently with trimethoprim/sulfa and pyrimethamine, follow with decoquinate
  • Susceptible infections: Alternatively, 11 mg/kg q24h

猫

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Susceptible bacterial infections5-10 mg/kgPOq12h—🌎 NA
Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections11-33 mg/kgPOonce a day (q24h)Maximum 14 days🌎 NA
Sepsis11 mg/kgIVq12h—🌎 NA
Anaerobic infections5-10 mg/kgPO, IVq12h—🌎 NA
Intra-abdominal sepsis5-11 mg/kgIV, SC, POq8-12h5-7 days🌎 NA
Pancreatitis5-11 mg/kgIV, SC, POq8-12h3-5 days🌎 NA
Susceptible respiratory infections10-15 mg/kgPO, SCq12h—🌎 NA
Surgical prophylaxis for gram-positive aerobes and anaerobic coverage5-11 mg/kgPOonce16-60 minutes preoperatively🌎 NA
Toxoplasmosis (to decrease zoonotic risk by reducing shedding period)25-50 mg/kgPOdaily—🌎 NA
Clinical toxoplasmosis10 mg/kgPOq12hat least 28 days🌎 NA
Enteroepithelial toxoplasmosis8-16 mg/kgPO, SCq8h14-28 days🌎 NA
Systemic toxoplasmosis12.5-25 mg/kgPO, SCq12h14-28 days🌎 NA
  • Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections: Do not treat acute infections for more than 3-4 days if no clinical response is seen.
  • Intra-abdominal sepsis: Combined with gentamicin or a parenteral 3rd generation cephalosporin or enrofloxacin
  • Clinical toxoplasmosis: Institute supportive care as needed.

フェレット

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Susceptible infections5-10 mg/kgPOtwice daily—🌎 NA

鳥

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Susceptible infections25 mg/kgPOq8h—🌎 NA
Mild spore-forming enteric bacterial infections50 mg/kgPOq12h5-10 days🌎 NA

爬虫類

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Susceptible infections (anaerobes)5 mg/kgPOonce daily—🌎 NA
Respiratory infections (anaerobes, mycoplasma)5 mg/kgPOonce daily14 days🌎 NA

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか？VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

クリンダマイシンは、獣医学で広く使用されている広域スペクトルの​リンコサマイド系抗生物質​です。多くの嫌気性菌、グラム陽性好気性球菌（ブドウ球菌やレンサ球菌など）、および特定の原虫（トキソプラズマ、ネオスポラ、バベシアなど）に対して高い有効性を示します。

​臨床のポイント：​

  • ​優れた組織移行性：​ 骨、滑液、膿瘍、白血球に高濃度で移行するため、​骨髄炎​、​歯科感染症​、​深在性膿皮症​の第一選択薬となります。
  • ​トキソプラズマ症：​ 犬や猫の臨床的トキソプラズマ症の主要な治療薬です。
  • ​草食動物への毒性：​ 致命的なクロストリジウム性腸炎を引き起こすリスクがあるため、後腸発酵動物（馬、ウサギ、齧歯類）および反芻動物への使用は厳禁です。
  • ​食道狭窄のリスク：​ 猫において、カプセルや錠剤をそのまま（水なしで）飲ませると、重度の食道炎や狭窄を引き起こす可能性があります。経口固形薬の投与後は必ず水や食事を与えてください。

作用機序

Clindamycin acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.

  • ​Mechanism:​ It inhibits peptide bond formation (transpeptidation) → blocks bacterial protein synthesis.
  • ​Effect:​ It can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on the drug concentration at the infection site and the specific susceptibility of the organism.
  • ​Resistance:​ Complete cross-resistance occurs between clindamycin and lincomycin, and partial cross-resistance occurs with macrolides (like erythromycin) due to overlapping ribosomal binding sites.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Horses
  • Rabbits
  • Hamsters
  • Chinchillas
  • Guinea pigs
  • Ruminants
  • Patients hypersensitive to lincosamides
  • Neonatal small animals (generally avoided)
  • Known hypersensitivity to lincosamides

有害事象

  • Gastroenteritis (emesis, loose stools, bloody diarrhea)
  • Esophageal injuries (esophagitis, strictures) in cats if dry-pilled
  • Hypersalivation or lip smacking in cats after oral administration
  • Pain at IM injection site
  • Mild, clinically insignificant increases in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP)
  • Colitis
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Oesophagitis (especially in cats)
  • Oesophageal stricture (especially in cats)

注意事項

​Esophageal Injury Warning:​ Clindamycin has been implicated in causing esophagitis and esophageal strictures in small animals (especially cats). ​Avoid dry 'pilling'​; always administer with food or a water bolus.

  • ​Hepatic/Renal Impairment:​ Patients with very severe renal and/or hepatic disease should receive the drug with caution. Consider dosage reduction and monitor serum clindamycin levels during high-dose therapy.
  • ​Species Restrictions:​ Fatal gastrointestinal effects can occur in horses, ruminants, and small herbivores (rabbits, rodents). Do not use in these species.

医薬品相互作用

Cyclosporine

Clindamycin may reduce cyclosporine levels

Erythromycin

In vitro antagonism when used with clindamycin; concomitant use should probably be avoided

Neuromuscular blocking agents (e.g., pancuronium)

Clindamycin possesses intrinsic neuromuscular blocking activity and should be used cautiously with other neuromuscular blocking agents

Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (e.g., tubocurarine)Major

May enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect

NeostigmineModerate

May antagonize the effects of neostigmine

PyridostigmineModerate

May antagonize the effects of pyridostigmine

Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin)Major

Antagonistic antimicrobial effects due to competing binding sites

ChloramphenicolMajor

Antagonistic antimicrobial effects due to competing binding sites

Other lincosamidesMajor

Antagonistic antimicrobial effects

Tubocurarine (and other non-depolarizing muscle relaxants)Moderate

May enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect

LincomycinMajor

Complete cross-resistance and antagonistic effect

監視

  • Clinical efficacy
  • Adverse effects; particularly severe diarrhea
  • Periodic liver and kidney function tests and blood counts if therapy persists for more than 30 days
  • Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhoea)
  • Hepatic and renal function in patients with pre-existing impairment

薬物動態

半減期

犬2-5 hours (PO), 10-13 hours (SC)

吸収

Rapidly absorbed from the gut. In dogs, oral bioavailability is about 73%. Food decreases the rate of absorption, but not the extent. Peak serum levels are attained about 45-60 minutes after oral dosing.

分布

Distributes well into most tissues. Therapeutic levels are achieved in bone, synovial fluid, bile, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, skin, heart muscle, abscesses, scar tissue, and white blood cells. CNS levels may reach 40% of serum levels if meninges are inflamed. About 93% bound to plasma proteins. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk.

代謝

Partially metabolized in the liver to both active and inactive metabolites.

消失

Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine, feces, and bile. Half-lives can be prolonged in patients with severe renal or hepatic dysfunction.

過剰投与

There is little information available regarding overdoses of this drug.

  • In dogs, oral doses of up to 300 mg/kg/day for up to one year did not result in toxicity.
  • Dogs receiving 600 mg/kg/day developed anorexia, vomiting, and weight loss.

製品

製剤

  • Oral capsules
  • Oral tablets
  • Oral solution/drops
  • Granules for oral solution
  • Injection (solution concentrate)
  • Suppositories
  • Topical and vaginal preparations
  • 25 mg capsule/tablet
  • 75 mg capsule/tablet
  • 88 mg capsule/tablet
  • 150 mg capsule/tablet
  • 264 mg capsule/tablet
  • 300 mg capsule/tablet
  • 25 mg/ml oral solution

動物用医薬品

  • Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Capsules: 25 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg (Antirobe, generics)
  • Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Tablets: 25 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg (Clintabs)
  • Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Solution: 25 mg/mL (Antirobe Aquadrops, Clinsol, generics)
  • Clinacin
  • Clindacyl
  • Clindaseptin
  • Mycinor
  • Zodon

ヒト用医薬品

  • Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Capsules: 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg (Cleocin, generics)
  • Clindamycin (as palmitate HCl) Granules for Oral Solution: 75 mg/5 mL (Cleocin Pediatric)
  • Clindamycin (as Phosphate) Solution Concentrate for Injection: 150 mg/mL (Cleocin Phosphate)
  • Clindamycin (as Phosphate) Injection: 300 mg, 600 mg, 900 mg in Galaxy containers (Cleocin Phosphate IV)
  • Clindamycin Phosphate Suppositories: 100 mg (Cleocin)

規制ステータス

European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V

United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Capsules and palmitate powder for oral solution should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C). After reconstitution, the human palmitate oral solution should NOT be refrigerated (thickening may occur) and is stable for 2 weeks at room temp. Veterinary oral solution has an extended shelf life at room temp. Phosphate injection should be stored at room temp; if refrigerated, crystals may form but will resolubilize upon warming.

飼主向け情報

​投与時の重要な注意：​ 経口錠剤やカプセルを使用する場合、特に猫では、​投薬後に必ず少なくとも6 mL（小さじ1杯強）の水分を与えるか​、少量のウェットフードに隠して与えてください。薬をそのまま飲ませると食道に張り付き、重度の潰瘍や狭窄を引き起こす恐れがあります。

  • ​胃腸の不調に注意：​ 重度、持続的、または血混じりの下痢が見られた場合は、すぐに獣医師に報告してください。
  • ​治療コースを完了する：​ ペットの具合が良くなったように見えても、耐性菌の発生を防ぐため、処方された期間は必ず薬を最後まで飲ませてください。

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