CHOP / CEOP 化学療法プロトコル
CHOP / CEOP Chemotherapy Protocol
Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin (or Epirubicin), Vincristine, Prednisolone
別名: CHOP Protocol · CEOP Protocol · Madison-Wisconsin Protocol · UW-25 Protocol · L-CHOP
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Vincristine) | 0.7 mg/m2 | IV | once | Weeks 1, 3, 6, 8, 11, 15, 19, 23 | 🌍 EU |
| Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Prednisolone) | 2 mg/kg (Wk 1); 1.5 mg/kg (Wk 2); 1 mg/kg (Wk 3); 0.5 mg/kg (Wk 4) | PO | q24h | First 4 weeks only, then stopped | 🌍 EU |
| Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Cyclophosphamide) | 250 mg/m2 | PO/IV | once | Weeks 2, 7, 13, 21 | 🌍 EU |
| Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Furosemide) | 1 mg/kg | PO | q12h | For 48h (4 doses) concurrent with cyclophosphamide | 🌍 EU |
| Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Doxorubicin or Epirubicin) | 30 mg/m2 (Use 1 mg/kg for patients <15 kg) | IV | once | Weeks 4, 9, 17, 25 | 🌍 EU |
| Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Maropitant) | 1 mg/kg | SC | once | Prior to doxorubicin/epirubicin | 🌍 EU |
| Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Omeprazole) | 1 mg/kg | PO | q12h or q24h | First 21 days | 🌍 EU |
| Lymphoma (Alternative to Cyclophosphamide - Chlorambucil) | 20 mg/m2 | PO | once | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Lymphoma (Alternative to Doxorubicin - Mitoxantrone) | 5.5 mg/m2 | IV | once | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Vincristine): Strict first-stick IV catheter only. Vesicant.
- Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Prednisolone): Tapering dose.
- Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Cyclophosphamide): Administer with Furosemide.
- Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Furosemide): To prevent haemorrhagic cystitis.
- Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Doxorubicin or Epirubicin): Give in 0.9% NaCl (not Hartmann's) over 20 minutes. Vesicant.
- Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Maropitant): Anti-emetic premedication.
- Lymphoma (CHOP/CEOP Protocol - Omeprazole): GI protectant. Ranitidine with sucralfate is an alternative.
- Lymphoma (Alternative to Cyclophosphamide - Chlorambucil): Used if haemorrhagic cystitis develops.
- Lymphoma (Alternative to Doxorubicin - Mitoxantrone): Given over 10 minutes. Used in cases of cardiac dysfunction.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
25週間のCHOP/CEOPプロトコルは、主に犬の中〜高悪性度リンパ腫の治療に用いられる標準的な多剤併用化学療法です。異なる作用機序を持つ薬剤をローテーションで使用し、重複する毒性を最小限に抑えながら腫瘍細胞の死滅を最大化します。
重大な警告: ビンクリスチンおよびドキソルビシン/エピルビシンは重度の壊死性抗がん剤(発泡薬)です。全症例で静脈内カテーテルを留置する必要があり、1回の穿刺で確実に留置されたカテーテルのみを使用してください。血管外漏出が発生した場合は、直ちに腫瘍科医に連絡してください。
臨床のポイント: フロセミドはシクロホスファミドと併用して利尿を促し、毒性代謝物(アクロレイン)と膀胱粘膜との接触時間を大幅に短縮することで、無菌性出血性膀胱炎のリスクを最小限に抑えます。
作用機序
This protocol relies on the synergistic action of four distinct drug classes:
- Cyclophosphamide: Alkylating agent → cross-links DNA strands, preventing replication.
- Doxorubicin/Epirubicin: Anthracycline antibiotic → inhibits topoisomerase II, intercalates DNA, and generates free radicals.
- Vincristine: Vinca alkaloid → binds to tubulin, inhibiting microtubule formation and arresting cells in metaphase.
- Prednisolone: Glucocorticoid → induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Severe myelosuppression (neutrophil count < 3 x 10^9/l)
- Pre-existing severe cardiac dysfunction (relative contraindication for doxorubicin; use mitoxantrone instead)
- Active haemorrhagic cystitis (substitute cyclophosphamide with chlorambucil)
- MDR1 mutation (requires significant dose reduction or avoidance of vincristine and doxorubicin)
有害事象
- Myelosuppression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
- Haemorrhagic cystitis (specific to cyclophosphamide)
- Severe tissue necrosis if extravasated (vincristine, doxorubicin)
- Cardiotoxicity (specific to doxorubicin)
- Alopecia (breed dependent)
注意事項
Myelosuppression Management:
- If neutrophils >3 x 10^9/l and platelets >100 x 10^9/l: Proceed with treatment.
- If neutrophils <3 x 10^9/l: Suspend treatment, recheck in 5-7 days.
- If neutrophils <1 x 10^9/l: Prescribe prophylactic antibiotics. Decrease next dose of the responsible chemotherapy drug by 10%.
- If neutrophils <1 x 10^9/l AND patient is pyrexic/unwell: Administer IV antibiotics and contact an oncologist.
MDR1 Breeds: Collie-type breeds are highly sensitive to vincristine and doxorubicin due to the MDR1 (ABCB1) mutation. Commercial testing is strongly recommended prior to initiating therapy.
医薬品相互作用
Alters hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme pathway, potentially altering the metabolism and increasing toxicity of chemotherapeutics.
監視
- Haematology prior to each treatment
- Nadir neutrophil count 7 days after the first doxorubicin treatment
- Free-catch urine dipstick prior to each cyclophosphamide administration (check for blood)
- Urine culture if blood is noted on dipstick
- Biochemistry prior to first treatment and minimum every 6 months
- Baseline echocardiography (especially before doxorubicin if pre-existing heart disease is suspected)
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Varies by drug. Cyclophosphamide and prednisolone are well absorbed orally.
分布
Wide distribution. Doxorubicin concentrates in tissues. Vincristine binds heavily to blood elements.
代謝
Hepatic. Cyclophosphamide requires hepatic activation to its active alkylating metabolites. Doxorubicin and vincristine undergo extensive hepatic metabolism (CYP450).
消失
Vincristine and doxorubicin are primarily excreted in feces via the biliary system. Cyclophosphamide metabolites are excreted in urine.
過剰投与
Overdosage of any component of the CHOP protocol can lead to life-threatening myelosuppression (profound neutropenia and sepsis), severe gastrointestinal mucosal sloughing, and acute cardiotoxicity (doxorubicin). Treatment is strictly supportive, including broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, aggressive fluid therapy, anti-emetics, and potentially granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).
製品
製剤
- Vincristine: Injectable solution
- Cyclophosphamide: Oral tablets, Injectable solution
- Doxorubicin/Epirubicin: Injectable solution
- Prednisolone: Oral tablets
動物用医薬品
- Various generic formulations available depending on the specific drug
ヒト用医薬品
- Oncovin (Vincristine)
- Endoxana (Cyclophosphamide)
- Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)
規制ステータス
Standard of care for canine lymphoma.
Handled under strict hazardous drug protocols.
Handled under strict hazardous drug protocols.
規制データなし: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Vincristine and Doxorubicin injectables must be refrigerated and protected from light. Cyclophosphamide tablets should be stored at room temperature. Follow specific manufacturer guidelines for each agent.
飼主向け情報
あなたの愛犬は25週間にわたる包括的な化学療法プロトコルを受けています。
- 副作用: 犬は一般的に人間よりも化学療法によく耐えます。プードルやテリアなどの特定の犬種を除き、脱毛はまれですが、治療後1〜2日間は軽度の胃腸の不調や疲労感が見られることがあります。
- 感染リスク: これらの薬剤は白血球数を減少させるため、感染リスクが高まります。発熱、重度の無気力、または食欲不振が見られた場合は、直ちに獣医師の診察を受けてください。
- 排尿の観察: 愛犬の尿を注意深く観察してください。血尿や排尿時の痛みの兆候が見られた場合は、薬剤(シクロホスファミド)の副作用の可能性があるため、すぐに獣医師に連絡してください。
- 安全上の注意: 化学療法薬はペットの排泄物から排出されます。各治療後少なくとも48時間は、尿、便、嘔吐物を片付ける際に必ず手袋を着用してください。
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