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シタラビン

Cytarabine

Cytosine arabinoside

抗悪性腫瘍薬IVSCIM

別名: Cytosar-U · DepoCyt · Tarabine PFS · Ara-C · 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine · arabinosylcytosine · cytarabine liposome · cytarabinum · NSC-63878 · U-19920

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

100 mg/m2IV/SC· continuous infusion over 2-3 days or divided and given IV or SC for 2-4 days· 2-4 days

これは体表面積(mg/m²)に基づく用量です。投与前に体重を体表面積へ換算してください。

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Susceptible neoplastic diseases100 mg/m2IV/SCcontinuous infusion over 2-3 days or divided and given IV or SC for 2-4 days2-4 days🌎 NA
  • Susceptible neoplastic diseases: Dosed in mg/m2 (NOT mg/kg). Use only as a general guide.

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Susceptible neoplastic diseases100 mg/m2IV/SCcontinuous infusion over 2-3 days or divided and given IV or SC for 2-4 days2-4 days🌎 NA
  • Susceptible neoplastic diseases: Dosed in mg/m2 (NOT mg/kg). Cats are generally dosed similarly to dogs.

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Neoplastic diseases200-300 mg/m2 (usually 1-1.5 grams per horse per dose)SC/IM/IVevery 1-2 weeks🌎 NA
  • Neoplastic diseases: Consultation with a veterinary oncologist is encouraged before use.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか?VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

シタラビン(通称 Ara-C)は、主に犬や猫のリンパ網内系腫瘍、骨髄増殖性疾患(白血病)、および中枢神経系リンパ腫の治療に使用される合成ピリミジンヌクレオシド代謝拮抗薬です。

​臨床のポイント:​ 従来の腫瘍学にとどまらず、シタラビンは獣医神経学において、犬の​原因不明の髄膜脳炎(MUE)​や肉芽腫性髄膜脳炎(GME)に対する中心的な免疫抑制療法として広く利用されています。持続静脈内輸液(CRI)や高用量皮下注射プロトコルで投与した場合、血液脳関門を通過する能力があるため、中枢神経系の炎症性疾患に対して非常に有効です。

作用機序

Cytarabine is a cell-cycle phase-specific antimetabolite that acts principally during the S-phase (active DNA synthesis).

  • ​Intracellular Conversion:​ Cytarabine enters the cell and is phosphorylated into its active form, cytarabine triphosphate.
  • ​Enzyme Inhibition:​ This active metabolite competes with deoxycytidine triphosphate → incorporates into DNA → potently inhibits DNA polymerase.
  • ​Result:​ Inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair, leading to cell death in rapidly dividing cells. Under certain conditions, it may also block cells from transitioning from the G1 phase to the S phase.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Hypersensitivity to cytarabine
  • Pregnancy (potentially teratogenic and embryotoxic)

有害事象

  • Myelosuppression (leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia)
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Oral ulceration
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Fever
  • Anaphylaxis (rare)

注意事項

Cytarabine is a mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic agent. It should only be used in patients who can be adequately and regularly monitored. Personnel preparing or administering the drug must wear gloves and follow hazardous drug handling protocols. Wash skin or mucous membranes thoroughly if contamination occurs.

医薬品相互作用

Digoxin

Cytarabine may decrease the amount of digoxin (tablets only) absorbed after oral dosing due to intestinal mucosa alterations; effect may persist for several days after cytarabine discontinuation.

Flucytosine (5-FC)

Cytarabine may antagonize the anti-infective activity of flucytosine; monitor for decreased efficacy.

Gentamicin

Cytarabine may antagonize the anti-infective activity of gentamicin; monitor for decreased efficacy.

監視

  • Efficacy (tumor response or resolution of neurologic signs)
  • Hemograms (mandatory; monitor for myelosuppression, nadir typically at 5-7 days)
  • Liver function tests (periodic)
  • Kidney function tests (periodic)

薬物動態

吸収

Very poor systemic availability after oral administration. Following IM or SC injections, peaks in plasma within 20-60 minutes, but levels are much lower than equivalent IV doses.

分布

Widely distributed throughout the body. Crosses into the CNS in a limited manner with bolus injection, but continuous IV infusion achieves CSF levels 20-60% of plasma levels. About 13% bound to plasma proteins in humans. Crosses the placenta.

代謝

Rapidly metabolized by the enzyme cytidine deaminase (principally in the liver, but also kidneys, intestinal mucosa, and granulocytes) to the inactive metabolite ara-U (uracil arabinoside).

消失

About 80% of a dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours as both ara-U (≈90%) and unchanged cytarabine (≈10%). Elimination half-life in the CSF is significantly longer than in serum.

過剰投与

Efficacy and toxicity are dependent on both the dose and the rate of administration. In dogs, the IV LD50 is 384 mg/kg when given over 12 hours, but drops to 48 mg/kg when infused IV over 120 hours. In the event of an inadvertent overdose, aggressive supportive therapy should be instituted.

製品

製剤

  • Powder for injection
  • Injection solution
  • Liposomal injection

ヒト用医薬品

  • Cytarabine Powder for Injection: 100 mg, 500 mg, 1 g & 2 g in vials
  • Cytarabine Injection: 10 mg/mL (liposomal) preservative free in 5 mL vials
  • Cytarabine Injection: 20 mg/mL in 5 mL vials & 50 mL bulk package vials
  • Cytarabine Injection: 100 mg/mL in 20 mL single-dose vials

規制ステータス

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store sterile powder at room temperature (15-30°C). After reconstitution with bacteriostatic water, solutions are stable for at least 48 hours at room temperature (some studies show 90% potency retention up to 17 days). Discard if the solution develops a slight haze.

飼主向け情報

シタラビンは強力な化学療法薬です。

  • ​毒性のリスク:​ 生命を脅かす合併症や薬物関連の死亡など、重篤な毒性が発生する可能性があることに注意してください。
  • ​獣医師への連絡のタイミング:​ ペットに極度の元気消失、無気力、異常な出血(歯茎の出血、鼻血など)、あざ、発熱、または重度の胃腸障害が見られた場合は、直ちに獣医師に連絡してください。
  • ​安全な取り扱い:​ これは危険薬物(抗がん剤)であるため、治療後数日間は、ペットの排泄物(尿/便)の安全な取り扱いに関する獣医師の指示に従ってください。

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