ダノフロキサシン
Danofloxacin
Danofloxacin mesylate
別名: A180 · Advocine · Danocin · Advocid · Advovet · Exocin · CP-76136-27 · danofloxacine · danofloxacino · Ofloxacinum
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ophthalmic infections | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q6h | As directed by veterinarian | 🌍 EU |
- Ophthalmic infections: Intensive therapy: q30-120min for short-term use (1-2 days).
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ophthalmic infections | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q6h | As directed by veterinarian | 🌍 EU |
- Ophthalmic infections: Intensive therapy: q30-120min for short-term use (1-2 days).
牛
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) | 6 mg/kg (1.5 mL per 100 lb body weight) SC | SC | Repeat once in approximately 48 hours | 2 doses total | 🌎 NA |
- Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): Administered dosage volume should not exceed 15 mL per injection site.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
ダノフロキサシンは、主に肉牛のウシ呼吸器病（BRD）の治療に使用される獣医専用の注射用フルオロキノロン系抗生物質です。Mannheimia haemolytica や Pasteurella multocida などの主要な呼吸器病原体に対して、濃度依存性の殺菌活性を示します。
臨床のポイント:
- 他のフルオロキノロン系と同様に、組織移行性が高く、特に肺組織への移行性に優れているため、呼吸器感染症に非常に有効です。
- 分布容積が大きく、滲出液や漏出液によく濃縮されます。
- 規制上の警告: 米国FDAは、食用水動物へのフルオロキノロン系薬剤の適応外使用を厳しく禁じています。
作用機序
Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication and transcription.
- They enter the bacterium and inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV.
- Inhibition of DNA gyrase → prevents DNA supercoiling → halts DNA replication.
- Inhibition of topoisomerase IV → interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules.
- This dual action leads to rapid bacterial cell death. The bactericidal activity is concentration-dependent rather than time-dependent.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Extra-label use in food-producing animals (FDA prohibited)
- Lactating dairy cattle (where milk is for human consumption)
- Veal calves
- Animals with known or suspected CNS disorders (relative contraindication)
- Known hypersensitivity to ofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
有害事象
- Hypersensitivity reactions (uncommon)
- Lameness or arthropathies (especially in young animals/calves)
- Local tissue reaction at the subcutaneous injection site (may result in trim loss)
- Mild, transient ocular irritation or stinging upon application (general class effect)
- Conjunctival hyperemia (rare)
注意事項
The FDA strictly prohibits extra-label usage of this drug in food animals. Use with caution in animals with known or suspected CNS disorders, as quinolones have rarely caused CNS stimulation. Do not use in lactating dairy cattle or calves to be processed for veal.
医薬品相互作用
Potential increase in serum concentrations of theophylline; increased monitoring of theophylline concentrations is recommended
監視
- Clinical efficacy
- Injection site reactions
- Signs of lameness or CNS stimulation
- Clinical response to therapy (resolution of ocular discharge, inflammation, or ulceration)
- Culture and sensitivity testing prior to and during prolonged treatment if no improvement
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Rapidly absorbed after subcutaneous injection in cattle with high bioavailability (≈90%). Peak serum levels occur about 2-3 hours after dosing.
分布
High volume of distribution (approximately 2.7 L/kg in cattle); lung levels exceed those in plasma. Penetrates well into exudates and transudates.
代謝
In cattle, minimal metabolism occurs. Other species may metabolize greater percentages of the drug into a desmethyl metabolite (desmethyldanofloxacin).
消失
In cattle, elimination is primarily as unchanged drug into the urine. Terminal elimination half-life in cattle ranges from 3-6 hours.
過剰投与
Limited information is available for cattle. High dosages (18-60 mg/kg for 3-6 days) in feeder calves can cause arthropathies/lameness (consistent with other fluoroquinolones), CNS stimulation (ataxia, nystagmus, tremors), inappetence, recumbency, depression, and exophthalmos. Some calves receiving 18 mg/kg twice 48 hours apart developed nasal pad erythema.
In adult dogs, 2.4 mg/kg/day PO for 90 days resulted in no observable adverse effects.
製品
製剤
- Injection
- Topical: 0.3% ophthalmic solution in 5 ml bottle
動物用医薬品
- Danofloxacin Mesylate 180 mg/mL (of danofloxacin) in 100 mL & 250 mL multi-dose vials (A180)
ヒト用医薬品
- Exocin 0.3% eye drops
規制ステータス
Human product (Exocin) used under the prescribing cascade. POM.
Human product (Exocin) used under the prescribing cascade. POM (Prescription Only Medicine).
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store at or below 30°C (86°F) and protect from light and freezing. The color of the solution (yellow to amber) does not affect potency. Do not mix with other medications or diluents, as fluoroquinolones are very sensitive to pH changes and chelation with cationic substances (calcium, magnesium, zinc).
飼主向け情報
重要: 食用動物に投与する場合、ラベルの指示を厳格に遵守することが法律で義務付けられています。
- 適切な皮下注射（SC）技術を確保してください。
- 組織の損傷を最小限に抑えるため、1か所の注射部位につき15 mLを超えないようにしてください。
- 最終治療から規定された4日間の休薬期間（屠畜前）を守ってください。
- 跛行、神経症状、または注射部位の反応の兆候がないか動物を観察してください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。