ジアフェニルスルホン (ダプソン)
Dapsone
4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone
別名: Avlosulfone · Dapsoderm-X · Dopsan · Novasulfone · Servidapsone · Sulfona · DADPS · dapsonum · DDS · diaminodiphenylsulfone · NSC-6091 · diaphenylsulfone · disulone · sulfonyldianiline
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative treatment for pemphigus | 1 mg/kg PO q8h; with sulfasalazine at 10-40 mg/kg q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Post-vaccination alopecia/vasculitis resistant to prednisone therapy | 1 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treating mycobacteriosis | 1.1 mg/kg PO q6h until remission, then 0.3 mg/kg q8-12h after recovery | PO | q6h initially, then q8-12h | Until remission, then maintenance | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy of vasculitis | 1 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of Brown Recluse spider (Loxosceles spp.) bite | 1 mg/kg PO three times daily for 10 days | PO | TID | 10 days | 🌎 NA |
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative to clofazimine for treating feline leprosy | 1 mg/kg once daily PO | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treating mycobacteriosis | 8 mg/kg PO once daily for 6 weeks | PO | q24h | 6 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Aural chondritis | 1 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Alternative to clofazimine for treating feline leprosy: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
- Treating mycobacteriosis: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
- Aural chondritis: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
馬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia | 3 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 56 days | 🌎 NA |
- Alternative treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: From one case report of treatment of a foal.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
ダプソンはスルホン系抗菌薬および抗炎症薬です。獣医療では主に、特定の免疫介在性皮膚疾患（天疱瘡、皮膚血管炎など）や非定型感染症（マイコバクテリア、ニューモシスチスなど）に対する二次選択薬または補助療法として使用されます。
臨床上のポイント: 肝毒性や血液疾患などの重篤な副作用のリスクが高いため、第一選択薬として使用されることは稀です。猫はメトヘモグロビン血症や溶血性貧血に対する感受性が高いため、猫への使用は相対的禁忌とされています。
作用機序
Antimicrobial action: Acts as a competitive antagonist of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). It inhibits the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) → blocks the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid → disrupts nucleic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms (similar to sulfonamides).
Anti-inflammatory action: Dapsone exerts potent immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system → suppresses the neutrophil respiratory burst. It also decreases neutrophil chemotaxis, complement activation, antibody production, and lysosomal enzyme synthesis, making it useful for sterile, neutrophil-driven inflammatory conditions like vasculitis or Brown Recluse spider bites.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Cats (relatively contraindicated due to high risk of neurotoxicity and hemolytic anemia)
- Hypersensitivity to dapsone or other sulfone drugs
- Patients with severe anemias or preexisting blood dyscrasias
- Preexisting hepatic dysfunction (use with extreme caution)
有害事象
- Hepatotoxicity
- Dose-dependent methemoglobinemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neutropenias
- Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting)
- Neuropathies
- Cutaneous drug eruptions
- Photosensitivity
- Potential carcinogen
注意事項
- Feline Sensitivity: Cats are highly susceptible to dapsone-induced blood dyscrasias and hepatotoxicity. Use is generally not recommended.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus. Use with caution in pregnant animals.
- Nursing: Excreted into milk in concentrations equivalent to plasma; hemolytic reactions have been seen in human neonates. Consider switching to milk replacer if required in a nursing dam.
- Hepatic Disease: Use with caution in animals with preexisting hepatic dysfunction due to hepatotoxic potential.
医薬品相互作用
May decrease the renal excretion of active metabolites of dapsone.
May increase risk of hematologic reactions occurring with dapsone.
May decrease plasma dapsone concentrations (7-10 fold).
May increase plasma dapsone concentrations (and vice versa) and potentially increase each other's toxicity.
監視
- CBC with platelets every 2-3 weeks during first 4 months of treatment, then every 3-4 months
- Liver function tests
- Clinical signs of adverse effects (GI upset, drug eruptions, neurotoxicity, jaundice, cyanosis)
- Clinical efficacy
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration to dogs.
分布
In dogs, the monoacetyl metabolite is only about 60% bound to plasma proteins (compared to almost completely bound in humans).
代謝
Hepatic metabolism, primarily via acetylation.
消失
Primarily eliminated via the kidneys as conjugates and unidentified metabolites.
過剰投与
Because of its toxicity potential, specific species differences in sensitivity, and pharmacokinetics, it is recommended to contact an animal poison control center in cases of dapsone overdoses.
- Clinical Signs: In humans, overdoses generally cause nausea, vomiting, and hyperexcitability within minutes. Methemoglobinemia with associated depression, seizures, and cyanosis can occur. Hemolysis may be delayed, occurring 7-14 days after the overdose.
- Treatment: Includes removal of drug from the gut (decontamination), methylene blue for methemoglobinemia, and sometimes hemodialysis to enhance removal of the drug and its monoacetyl metabolite.
製品
製剤
- Oral Tablets
- Compounded oral suspension
ヒト用医薬品
- Dapsone Oral Tablets: 25 mg & 100 mg (scored)
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store tablets protected from light at controlled room temperature (20-25°C, 68-77°F). Tablets may be compounded into a stable liquid dosage form (2 mg/mL) using a 1:1 ratio of Ora-Plus:Ora-Sweet; this preparation is stable for 90 days stored refrigerated or at room temperature.
飼主向け情報
- 厳重なモニタリング: この薬は獣医師の厳密な監督が必要です。肝臓と赤血球の状態を確認するため、頻繁な血液検査が不可欠です。
- 毒性の兆候に注意: 歯茎の蒼白や青紫色の変色、白目や皮膚の黄染（黄疸）、極度の無気力、頻呼吸、嘔吐、異常な衰弱が見られた場合は、直ちに獣医師に連絡してください。
- 紫外線対策: ダプソンは光線過敏症を引き起こす可能性があります。被毛の薄い皮膚が長時間日光に晒されないよう保護してください。
- 猫への使用: 猫に処方された場合、重篤な副作用のリスクが非常に高いことをご理解ください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。