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デスフルラン

Desflurane

(±)-2-Difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether

吸入麻酔薬Inhalation犬猫

別名: Suprane · I-653 · desfluraani · desflurano · desfluranum

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

Induction = 8-15%; Maintenance = 5-9%Inhalation· Continuous· As needed

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

犬

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
General Anesthesia (Clinically useful concentrations)Induction = 8-15%; Maintenance = 5-9%InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
General Anesthesia (Emergency patients)6%InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
General Anesthesia (Following IV induction)start with a vaporiser setting of about 8% (around MAC in most animals), increasing the concentration as required.InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
  • General Anesthesia (Emergency patients): Approximate MAC for emergency patients

猫

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
General Anesthesia (Clinically useful concentrations)Induction = 8-15%; Maintenance = 5-9%InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
General Anesthesia (Emergency patients)6%InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
General Anesthesia (Following IV induction)start with a vaporiser setting of about 8% (around MAC in most animals), increasing the concentration as required.InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
  • General Anesthesia (Emergency patients): Approximate MAC for emergency patients

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか？VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

デスフルランはハロゲン化揮発性吸入麻酔薬であり、イソフルランと非常に似た化学構造を持っています。最大の臨床的利点は、​非常に迅速な麻酔導入と覚醒​です。沸点が室温に近いため、専用の加熱・加圧式気化器が必要です。刺激臭があるため、マスク導入には適していません。

作用機序

While the exact mechanism of inhalant anesthetics remains incompletely understood, desflurane is believed to produce general anesthesia by interacting with the lipid matrix of neuronal membranes and modulating multiple ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system.

​Mechanistic Pathways:​

  • ​GABA_A and Glycine Receptors:​ Potentiates inhibitory neurotransmission → CNS depression.
  • ​NMDA Receptors:​ Inhibits excitatory glutamatergic transmission.

​Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) in Oxygen:​

  • Dogs: 7%
  • Cats: 9.8%
  • Horses: 7.23%
  • Rabbits: 8.9%
  • Alpacas/Llamas: 7.8-8.0%

​Note: Desflurane causes dose-dependent cardiovascular (hypotension) and respiratory depression, but does not sensitize the myocardium to catecholamine-induced arrhythmias.​

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Hypersensitivity to desflurane or other halogenated anesthetic agents
  • History of or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia

有害事象

  • Hypotension (dose-dependent)
  • Respiratory depression (dose-dependent)
  • Respiratory irritation and salivation (especially with mask induction)
  • Sympathetic stimulation (tachycardia/hypertension) with rapid increases in concentration
  • Malignant hyperthermia (in susceptible individuals, though incidence may be lower than other halogenated agents)
  • Transient increases in glucose and white blood cell count

注意事項

​Rapid Recovery Warning:​ Because recovery is exceptionally fast, patients may wake up in pain if perioperative analgesics are not administered proactively. Ensure appropriate analgesia and sedation are on board before discontinuing the gas, particularly in large animals.

  • ​Induction:​ Due to its rapid action, use caution not to overdose during the induction phase.
  • ​Neurologic Patients:​ Use with caution (weigh benefits vs. risks) in patients with increased CSF pressure or head injury.
  • ​Compromised Patients:​ Geriatric or critically ill animals typically require lower concentrations of inhalation anesthetics.
  • ​Occupational Safety:​ NIOSH recommends workers should not be exposed to ceiling concentrations > 2 ppm over a 1-hour sampling period.

医薬品相互作用

ACE Inhibitors or other hypotensive agents

Concomitant use may increase risks for severe hypotension.

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur.

Succinylcholine

May induce increased incidences of cardiac effects (bradycardia, arrhythmias, sinus arrest, apnea) and trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients.

監視

  • Respiratory rate, rhythm, and ventilatory status (capnography)
  • Cardiac rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Arterial blood pressure
  • Level of anesthetic depth (jaw tone, palpebral reflex)
  • Body temperature
  • Neuromuscular function

薬物動態

吸収

Onset of action is very rapid after inhalation; often described as a 'one breath' induction.

分布

At body temperature (37°C), blood/gas coefficient is 0.47 (predicts rapid recovery), oil/gas coefficient is 19 (indicates potency), and brain/blood coefficient is 1.3.

代謝

Highly resistant to biodegradation; very little is eliminated via hepatic routes (only 0.02% recovered as metabolites).

消失

Primarily eliminated unchanged via exhalation.

過剰投与

In the event of an overdosage, immediately discontinue desflurane. Maintain a patent airway and provide positive pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen. Support cardiovascular function with intravenous fluids and sympathomimetics as necessary.

製品

製剤

  • Inhalation solution (liquid for vaporization)

ヒト用医薬品

  • Desflurane Solution for Inhalation Anesthesia in 240 mL bottles (Suprane)

規制ステータス

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store in original container at 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). Secure cap tightly after use and protect from light. Before opening, the contents of the bottle should be cooled to below 10°C (48°F). Relatively stable in soda lime at room temperature, but can produce carbon monoxide and formaldehyde. At 80°C, rate of degradation per hour is 0.44%.

飼主向け情報

デスフルランは、獣医の手術で使用される吸入麻酔ガスです。主な利点は、ペットが手術後に​非常に早く目を覚ます​ことです。覚醒が早いため、獣医師はペットが快適に目覚められるよう、麻酔を切る前に十分な鎮痛薬を投与します。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。