デスロレリン
**酢酸デスロレリン**は、強力な合成ゴナドトロピン放出ホルモン(GnRH)アナログです。獣医療では、製剤と曝露期間に応じて、2つの対照的な目的で使用されます。 * **短期使用(排卵誘発):** 牝馬において、短時間作用型の注射用懸濁液または取り外し可能なインプラントを使用して、排卵を誘発しタイミングを正確に合わせ、繁殖の成功率を高めます。 * **長期使用(内科的去勢/避妊):** 徐放性インプラントは持続的なGnRH刺激を提供し、最終的に生殖軸を抑制します。これは雄犬の可逆的な避妊に使用されるほか、適応外使用として良性前立腺肥大症(BPH)や卵巣摘出後の雌犬の尿失禁の管理にも用いられます。 > **臨床のポイント:** すべての地域で明記されているわけではありませんが、デスロレリンインプラント(Suprelorin)は**フェレットの副腎疾患**に対する標準治療と広く見なされており、エキゾチックアニマルや動物園の動物の繁殖コントロールにも適応外で頻繁に使用されています。
作用機序: Deslorelin acts as an agonist at **GnRH receptors** in the anterior pituitary gland. Its clinical effect depends entirely on the duration of administration: * **Acute Administration (Flare Effect):** Initial binding to GnRH receptors stimulates a rapid surge in the release of **luteinizing hormone (LH)** and **follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)**. * *Pathway:* Deslorelin → Pituitary GnRH receptors → ↑ LH/FSH surge → **Induction of ovulation** (in mares with mature follicles >30 mm). * **Continuous Administration (Downregulation):** When provided as a sustained-release implant, the continuous presence of the GnRH analog overstimulates the receptors. * *Pathway:* Continuous deslorelin → **Internalization and downregulation of GnRH receptors** → Profound suppression of LH and FSH secretion → Decreased production of gonadal steroids (testosterone/estrogen) → **Reversible chemical castration/contraception**.
動物種別の用量
- Induction of ovulation (follicle 30-40 mm in diameter) · 1.8 mg (1 mL) · IM · Once · Single dose · Administer in the neck. Shake vial well before drawing into syringe.
- Induction of ovulation (follicle >30 mm in diameter) · 1 implant (2.1 mg) · SC · Once · Remove after 48h · Implant SC in the neck. Remove after approx 48 hours to prevent prolonged interovulatory interval. Alternative: Infuse 1 mL lidocaine into vulvar edge, insert implant beneath epithelium. Squeeze out after ovulation.
- Contraceptive in male dogs · 4.7 mg implant SC every 6 months OR 9.4 mg implant SC every 12 months · SC · q6mo or q12mo · Continuous · Implant in loose skin between lower neck and lumbar area; avoid implanting into fat. Pregnant women should not administer the implant.
- Temporary chemical castration · 1 implant (4.7 mg or 9.4 mg) per male dog · SC · repeat after 6 or 12 months · 6 to 12 months depending on implant size · Dogs <10 kg may take up to 18 months to recover testosterone. Separation from females in heat required for first 6 weeks.
- Temporary chemical castration · 1 implant (4.7 mg) per male cat · SC · once · 2-4 years · Causes chemical castration for 2-4 years in tom cats.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to deslorelin
- Horses intended for human consumption
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Administration by pregnant women (implants)
有害事象
- Local swelling, pain, and elevated skin temperature at the injection/implant site (usually resolves within 5 days)
- Prolonged interovulatory period in mares if the 2.1 mg implant is not removed
- Initial transient increase in sexual behavior or clinical signs (flare effect) before suppression occurs (with long-acting implants)
モニタリング
- Follicle size via ultrasound or rectal palpation (mares)
- Injection/implant site for severe swelling or reaction
- Resolution of clinical signs or reduction in testicular size (when used for contraception in dogs)
過量投与
In mares receiving a single IM injection at 10X the recommended dose (18 mg), moderate tremors and hives were observed 6 hours after injection in one out of eight horses. If an inadvertent additional implant is administered, it should be removed upon detection if within 96 hours of implantation.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。