ジクロフェナクナトリウム
ジクロフェナクナトリウムは**非ステロイド性抗炎症薬（NSAID）**です。 - **獣医療での用途**: 馬の変形性関節症に伴う局所の関節痛および炎症を抑えるための外用リポソームクリーム（Surpass®）としてFDAに承認されています。 - **全身投与**: 理論的には他の動物種に全身投与することも可能ですが、犬や猫にはより安全なFDA承認の代替薬が存在します。 > **重要な毒性の注意**: ジクロフェナクは鳥類（特にハゲワシ）に対して非常に毒性が高く、致死的な腎不全を引き起こすため、鳥類には絶対に使用しないでください。
作用機序: Diclofenac is a non-specific inhibitor of **cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2)** enzymes. - **Arachidonic Acid Cascade**: Inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid → **prostaglandins** and **thromboxanes**. - **Lipooxygenase**: May also have some inhibitory effects on the lipooxygenase pathway, reducing leukotriene production. - **Result**: Decreased production of inflammatory mediators leads to reduced pain, hyperpyrexia, and inflammation.
動物種別の用量
- Control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in tarsal, carpal, metacarpophalangeal, metarsophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal (hock, knee, fetlock, pastern) joints · Apply a five inch ribbon · topical · twice daily · up to 10 days · Wear rubber gloves and rub cream thoroughly into the hair covering the joint until cream disappears.
- Ocular inflammation / Uveitis · 1 drop per affected eye · topical · bid to qid · As directed by veterinarian · Standard veterinary ophthalmic dosing; not explicitly stated in the provided monograph.
- Ocular inflammation / Uveitis · 1 drop per affected eye · topical · bid to qid · As directed by veterinarian · Standard veterinary ophthalmic dosing; not explicitly stated in the provided monograph.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to diclofenac or any component of the cream
- Horses less than one year old
- Birds (implicated in causing death in vultures)
有害事象
- Colic (horses)
- Weight loss
- Gastric ulcers
- Diarrhea
- Uterine discharge
- Local inflammation
- Swelling
- Alopecia
- Vomiting (dogs/cats)
- Bloody diarrhea/melena (dogs/cats)
- Polydipsia (dogs/cats)
薬物相互作用
- Topical Corticosteroids · Increased risk of delayed corneal healing and severe corneal complications (corneal melting) when used concurrently. · major
- Topical Prostaglandin Analogues (e.g., Latanoprost) · NSAIDs may theoretically blunt the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of prostaglandin analogues. · moderate
モニタリング
- Efficacy (reduction in pain/inflammation)
- Adverse effects (GI signs, local skin reactions)
過量投与
As an NSAID, overdosage primarily affects the **gastrointestinal** and **renal** systems. - **Horses (Topical Overdose)**: Weight loss, gastric ulcers, colic, diarrhea, and uterine discharge. - **Dogs/Cats (Ingestion)**: Vomiting, diarrhea (often bloody/melena), and polydipsia. - **Treatment**: - **Decontamination**: Emetics and/or activated charcoal for recent ingestions. - **GI Protection**: Use of gastrointestinal protectants (e.g., sucralfate, omeprazole) is warranted if GI effects are expected. - **Renal Protection**: Fluid diuresis is warranted if renal effects are anticipated. - **Supportive Care**: Symptomatic treatment as needed.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。