ジクロフェナクナトリウム
Diclofenac Sodium
Phenyl-acetic acid derivative
別名: Surpass · Cataflam · Voltaren-XR · Solaraze · Arthrotec · Voltarol Ophtha Multidose · GP-45840 · diclofenacum · diclophenac · Diclofenac sodium
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular inflammation / Uveitis | 1 drop per affected eye | topical | bid to qid | As directed by veterinarian | 🌍 EU |
- Ocular inflammation / Uveitis: Standard veterinary ophthalmic dosing; not explicitly stated in the provided monograph.
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular inflammation / Uveitis | 1 drop per affected eye | topical | bid to qid | As directed by veterinarian | 🌍 EU |
- Ocular inflammation / Uveitis: Standard veterinary ophthalmic dosing; not explicitly stated in the provided monograph.
馬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in tarsal, carpal, metacarpophalangeal, metarsophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal (hock, knee, fetlock, pastern) joints | Apply a five inch ribbon | topical | twice daily | up to 10 days | 🌎 NA |
- Control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in tarsal, carpal, metacarpophalangeal, metarsophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal (hock, knee, fetlock, pastern) joints: Wear rubber gloves and rub cream thoroughly into the hair covering the joint until cream disappears.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
ジクロフェナクナトリウムは非ステロイド性抗炎症薬（NSAID）です。
- 獣医療での用途: 馬の変形性関節症に伴う局所の関節痛および炎症を抑えるための外用リポソームクリーム（Surpass®）としてFDAに承認されています。
- 全身投与: 理論的には他の動物種に全身投与することも可能ですが、犬や猫にはより安全なFDA承認の代替薬が存在します。
重要な毒性の注意: ジクロフェナクは鳥類（特にハゲワシ）に対して非常に毒性が高く、致死的な腎不全を引き起こすため、鳥類には絶対に使用しないでください。
作用機序
Diclofenac is a non-specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes.
- Arachidonic Acid Cascade: Inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid → prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
- Lipooxygenase: May also have some inhibitory effects on the lipooxygenase pathway, reducing leukotriene production.
- Result: Decreased production of inflammatory mediators leads to reduced pain, hyperpyrexia, and inflammation.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to diclofenac or any component of the cream
- Horses less than one year old
- Birds (implicated in causing death in vultures)
有害事象
- Colic (horses)
- Weight loss
- Gastric ulcers
- Uterine discharge
- Local inflammation
- Swelling
- Alopecia
- Vomiting (dogs/cats)
- Bloody diarrhea/melena (dogs/cats)
- Polydipsia (dogs/cats)
注意事項
Exceeding the recommended dosage or treating multiple joints may cause adverse effects. Reproductive safety for topical diclofenac has not been investigated in breeding, pregnant, or lactating horses. Do not use in birds.
医薬品相互作用
Increased risk of delayed corneal healing and severe corneal complications (corneal melting) when used concurrently.
NSAIDs may theoretically blunt the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of prostaglandin analogues.
監視
- Efficacy (reduction in pain/inflammation)
- Adverse effects (GI signs, local skin reactions)
薬物動態
吸収
Absorbed locally when applied topically to horses via 1% liposomal cream. Peak levels in transudate ~80 ng/mL; levels stay increased from 6 to at least 18 hours.
分布
Most drug remains in local tissues near administration point, but detectable systemic levels may occur. >99% bound to plasma proteins in humans.
代謝
Metabolized in the liver.
消失
Metabolites are excreted primarily into the urine.
過剰投与
As an NSAID, overdosage primarily affects the gastrointestinal and renal systems.
- Horses (Topical Overdose): Weight loss, gastric ulcers, colic, diarrhea, and uterine discharge.
- Dogs/Cats (Ingestion): Vomiting, diarrhea (often bloody/melena), and polydipsia.
- Treatment:
- Decontamination: Emetics and/or activated charcoal for recent ingestions.
- GI Protection: Use of gastrointestinal protectants (e.g., sucralfate, omeprazole) is warranted if GI effects are expected.
- Renal Protection: Fluid diuresis is warranted if renal effects are anticipated.
- Supportive Care: Symptomatic treatment as needed.
製品
製剤
- 1% topical liposomal cream
- Delayed-release tablets
- 3% topical gel
- Tablets with misoprostol
- Topical ophthalmic drops
動物用医薬品
- Diclofenac sodium (liposomal) 1% topical cream in 124 g tubes (Surpass)
ヒト用医薬品
- Diclofenac Tablets: 50 mg (Cataflam)
- Diclofenac Delayed-release Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg & 100 mg (Voltaren-XR)
- Diclofenac Sodium Gel: 3% (Solaraze)
- Diclofenac Sodium/Misoprostol Tablets: 50 mg/200 mcg & 75 mg/200 mcg (Arthrotec)
規制ステータス
Human-approved ophthalmic products used off-label under the cascade.
Human-approved ophthalmic products (POM) used off-label under the cascade.
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store in airtight containers and protect from light. The commercially available 1% cream (Surpass) should be stored at temperatures up to 25°C (77°F); protect from freezing.
飼主向け情報
- 指示の厳守: 指示通りに正確に使用してください。副作用を防ぐため、用量（塗布範囲）や期間（最大10日間）を増やさないでください。
- 安全対策: 薬が自身の皮膚から吸収されるのを防ぐため、クリームを塗布する際は必ず非浸透性の保護手袋を着用してください。
- 観察: 胃腸の不調（食欲不振、下痢、馬の疝痛など）の兆候がないか観察し、異常があれば獣医師に連絡してください。
- 説明書: 薬に付属している飼い主向けの説明書をお読みください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。