ジメチルスルホキシド (DMSO)
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Sulphinylbismethane
別名: Domoso · Kemsol · Rheumabene · Synotic · Rimso-50 · DMSO · dimethyl sulphoxide · dimethylis sulfoxidum · NSC-763 · SQ-9453 · Dimethyl sulfoxide
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute swelling due to trauma | Liberal application should be administered topically to the skin over the affected area 3-4 times daily. Total daily dosage should not exceed 20 grams (or mL of liquid) | topical | q6-8h | Max 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Calcinosis cutis | Apply topically to a small area of the body initially (if extensive areas are involved) once daily; and as these areas improve, add new treatment areas. | topical | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Persistent cases of hemorrhagic cystitis (secondary to cyclophosphamide tx) | 10 mL of DMSO medical grade 50% solution is diluted with 10 mL of water and instilled into bladder and removed after 20 minutes. | intravesical | once | 20 minutes | 🌎 NA |
| Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant (e.g., doxorubicin) | Dose not specified in monograph; apply to affected area | topical | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Haemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide | Dose not specified in monograph | Intravesical | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Canine calcinosis cutis | Dose not specified in monograph | topical | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Renal amyloidosis | Dose not specified in monograph | PO/IV/SC | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Calcinosis cutis: Dogs may 'feel bad' if large areas are treated initially, but do not become hypercalcemic.
- Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant (e.g., doxorubicin): Wear gloves during application.
- Haemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide: Instilled directly into the bladder.
- Canine calcinosis cutis: Anecdotal evidence. Monitor serum calcium due to risk of renal calcification.
- Renal amyloidosis: Efficacy is unproven.
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant | Dose not specified in monograph; apply to affected area | topical | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant: Wear gloves during application.
馬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute swelling due to trauma | Liberal application should be administered topically to the skin over the affected area 2-3 times daily. Total daily dosage should not exceed 100 grams (or mL of liquid) | topical | q8-12h | Max 30 days | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment with surgical colics | 25 mg/kg IV intraoperatively and continued twice daily for the first 24-48 hours post-op. | IV | q12h | 24-48 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Acute rhabdomyolysis | 1 g/kg in a 10% solution of lactated Ringer's or Multisol IV or orally. | IV/PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment for laminitis | 0.1-1 g/kg IV, 2-3 times daily | IV | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment with surgical colics: Administer slowly at 10% concentration.
- Acute rhabdomyolysis: May be given in the acute stages once hydration status has been restored.
- Adjunctive treatment for laminitis: Administer slowly at 10% concentration.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
ジメチルスルホキシド (DMSO) は、ユニークな薬理特性を持つ非常に汎用性の高い双極性非プロトン性溶媒です。獣医学では主にフリーラジカル消去薬および局所抗炎症薬として利用されます。
- 主な承認用途: 犬および馬の外傷による急性腫脹を軽減するための局所塗布薬としてFDAに承認されています。
- 適応外使用: 中枢神経系外傷、脳浮腫、一過性虚血状態、皮膚潰瘍、熱傷、腸管手術の補助治療、アミロイドーシス、および化学療法剤（ドキソルビシンなど）の血管外漏出による組織損傷の軽減。
- 浸透促進剤: DMSOは、不可逆的な損傷を引き起こすことなく、無傷の皮膚や生体膜を容易に透過します。強力なキャリア（担体）として働き、他の薬物（コルチコステロイド、抗生物質、鎮痛薬など）や潜在的な毒性化合物の経皮吸収を促進します。
- 臨床上の注意点: 非常に吸湿性が高いため、室内の空気にさらしたままにすると自己希釈されます。工業用不純物が全身循環に入るのを防ぐため、必ず医療用DMSOを使用する必要があります。
作用機序
DMSO exhibits a diverse array of pharmacological effects through multiple pathways:
- Free Radical Scavenging: DMSO directly traps the free radical hydroxide (OH•), while its primary metabolite, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), traps free radical oxygen. This mechanism underpins its anti-inflammatory, cryopreservative, anti-ischemic, and radioprotective qualities.
- Enzyme Inhibition: Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase → slows the metabolism of alcohol and prevents the conversion of ethylene glycol into its toxic metabolites (making it a potential, though less common, antidote for antifreeze toxicity).
- Prostaglandin Modulation: Enhances Prostaglandin E (PGE) but blocks the synthesis of PGE2, PGF2-alpha, PGH2, and PGG2, contributing to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Vascular Effects: Provokes histamine release from mast cells → local vasodilation. It also decreases platelet aggregation.
- Neuromuscular: Exhibits weak anticholinesterase activity.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Mastocytomas (due to mast cell degranulation)
- Dehydration or shock (diuretic and vasodilatory effects may exacerbate)
- Pregnancy (teratogenic at high doses in some species; use with extreme caution)
有害事象
- Local 'burning', erythema, vesiculation, and dry skin (topical)
- Garlic or oyster-like breath odor
- Lenticular changes (myopia) with chronic high doses
- Hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (IV in horses, especially at >10% concentration or rapid administration)
- Diarrhea, muscle tremors, and colic (IV in horses)
- Rare hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity
注意事項
Handling Warning: Always wear rubber gloves when applying topically. Apply with clean or sterile cotton to clean, dry skin to prevent carrying harmful impurities or environmental toxins into the systemic circulation.
- Masking Pathology: Potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity may mask existing pathology.
- IV Administration: In horses, administer IV slowly and at concentrations of 10% (maximum 20%) to minimize hemolysis and hemoglobinuria.
- Odor: Owners should be warned about the strong garlic/oyster breath odor that develops shortly after administration, regardless of route.
医薬品相互作用
Avoid concurrent use due to DMSO's anticholinesterase activity.
Can cause fatal mercury intoxication if mixed and applied topically.
DMSO inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and may prolong the effects of alcohol.
May be potentiated by DMSO.
May be potentiated by DMSO.
May be potentiated by DMSO.
Profound enhancement of systemic absorption of the co-administered substance, potentially leading to systemic toxicity.
DMSO may decrease the activity and efficacy of dexrazoxane; concurrent use should be discouraged.
監視
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in swelling/inflammation)
- Hemoglobinuria and hematocrit (especially in horses receiving IV therapy)
- Ophthalmic exams (with high doses or chronic use in dogs to monitor for lenticular changes)
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Well absorbed after topical administration, especially at concentrations between 80-100%.
分布
Extensively and rapidly distributed to virtually every area of the body.
代謝
Metabolized to dimethyl sulfide (DMS).
消失
Primarily excreted by the kidneys, although biliary and respiratory excretion also takes place. Rapidly eliminated in cattle (no detectable drug/metabolites after 20 days).
過剰投与
The reported LD50 following IV dosage is approximately 4 g/kg in cats and 2.5 g/kg in dogs.
Clinical Signs of Toxicity:
- Non-lethal doses: Sedation and hematuria.
- Higher dosages: Coma, seizures, opisthotonus, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema.
Treatment: Should an acute overdosage be encountered, treat supportively.
製品
製剤
- Topical Gel (90%)
- Topical Solution (90%)
- Aqueous Solution (50%)
- Otic Solution (60% with fluocinolone)
動物用医薬品
- Domoso® Gel 90% (60 g, 120 g, 425 g)
- Domoso® Solution 90% (1 pint, 1 gallon)
- Synotic® Otic Solution (DMSO 60% + fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%)
ヒト用医薬品
- Rimso-50® (50% aqueous solution in 50 mL)
規制ステータス
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian)
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Must be stored in airtight containers away from light. Store in glass or in the original manufacturer's plastic container (DMSO reacts with some plastics). If exposed to room air, it will self-dilute to a concentration of 66-67% due to its hygroscopic nature.
飼主向け情報
飼い主様向けの重要な安全ガイドライン:
- 処方された医療用のみを使用: 工業用や非医療用のDMSO（ホームセンターなどで見られるもの）は絶対に使用しないでください。有害な不純物が含まれている可能性があり、DMSOがそれらをペットの血流に直接運んでしまいます。
- ご自身の保護: この薬を塗る時は必ずゴム手袋を着用してください。皮膚に付着すると吸収され、すぐに口の中でニンニクの味がするようになります！
- 塗布方法: 清潔で乾燥した皮膚に、清潔または滅菌された綿を使用して塗布してください。獣医師の明確な許可なしに、他の軟膏、ノミ駆除薬、化学物質と混ぜないでください。DMSOがそれらの化学物質を体内に引き込んでしまいます。
- におい: この薬を使用している間、ペットの息から強いニンニクやカキのようなにおいがするのは完全に正常です。投薬を中止すればこのにおいは消えます。
- 保管と取り扱い: 換気の良い場所で使用してください。吸い込んだり、目に入れたりしないでください。特定の布地を傷める可能性があります。空気中の水分を吸収して薄まってしまうため、使用しない時はしっかりと蓋を閉めてください。子供の手の届かないところに保管してください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。