ジフェノキシレートおよびアトロピン

動物種別の用量

用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。

投与経路

禁忌

• Known hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
• Patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Diarrhea caused by toxic ingestion (until the toxin is eliminated from the GI tract)
• Intestinal obstruction
• Bacterial-induced acute diarrhea (may enhance bacterial proliferation)

有害事象

• Constipation
• Bloat
• Sedation
• Paralytic ileus (potential)
• Toxic megacolon (potential)
• Pancreatitis (potential)
• CNS depression or excitation
• Excitatory behavior (especially in cats)

薬物相互作用

• CNS Depressant Drugs (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol) · May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression when used concurrently.
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., amitraz, selegiline) · Contraindicated. Do not use opiate antidiarrheals for at least 14 days after receiving MAOIs due to risk of severe adverse reactions.

モニタリング

• Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea or cough)
• Fluid and electrolyte status (especially in severe diarrhea)
• CNS effects (sedation or excitation), particularly if using high dosages
• Bowel movements (monitor for constipation)
• Plasma amylase and lipase (may be artificially increased for up to 24 hours post-administration)

過量投与

Acute overdosage can result in severe **CNS, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or respiratory toxicity**. * **Delayed Absorption**: Because opiates significantly reduce GI motility, absorption of the drug from the GI tract may be delayed and prolonged, meaning toxicity can worsen over time. * **Opiate Toxicity**: Signs include profound sedation, respiratory depression, and pinpoint pupils. **Naloxone** may be necessary to reverse the opiate effects. * **Atropine Toxicity**: Massive overdoses may induce atropine toxicity (dry mouth, tachycardia, hyperthermia, dilated pupils, agitation).