エドロホニウム
Edrophonium Chloride
Edrophonium chloride
別名: Tensilon · Anticude · Camsilon · Reversol · Enlon-Plus · edrophonii chloridum
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 1-10 mg (total dose) | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Patient is gently exercised until fatigued. Place indwelling catheter. Have atropine drawn up (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IV) in case cholinergic signs develop. Flush catheter with sterile saline, then immediately lightly exercise or encourage to rise.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Presumptive positive test results in transient improvement in clinical weakness.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Have atropine and endotracheal tube readily available in case of overdose.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Pre-treat with atropine (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IM or SC). In affected animals, paresis should resolve within one minute and effects should last for up to 15 minutes.
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.25 to 0.5 mg (total dose) | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Patient is gently exercised until fatigued. Place indwelling catheter. Have atropine drawn up (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IV) in case cholinergic signs develop. Flush catheter with sterile saline, then immediately lightly exercise or encourage to rise.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Pre-treat with atropine (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IM or SC). In affected animals, paresis should resolve within one minute and effects should last for up to 15 minutes.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
エドロホニウムは短時間作用型の注射用抗コリンエステラーゼ薬であり、獣医療においては主に「テンシロンテスト」による重症筋無力症（MG）の推定診断に使用されます。非脱分極性筋弛緩薬の拮抗や特定の上室性頻拍（SVT）の治療にも使用可能ですが、作用時間が非常に短いため、これらの目的にはネオスチグミンなどのより長時間作用する代替薬が実用的とされることが多いです。
作用機序
Edrophonium acts as a rapid, reversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
Mechanism of Action: Edrophonium briefly attaches to acetylcholinesterase → inhibits its hydrolytic activity → acetylcholine accumulates in the synaptic cleft → prolonged and increased stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
In patients with myasthenia gravis, the sudden surge of acetylcholine temporarily overcomes the autoimmune blockade/destruction of nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to a rapid (but transient) return of muscle strength. Systemically, acetylcholine accumulation also causes parasympathomimetic effects including miosis, increased intestinal muscle tone, bronchoconstriction, salivation, and bradycardia.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Bronchial asthma
- Mechanical urinary tract obstruction
- Mechanical intestinal tract obstruction
- Known hypersensitivity to the drug
有害事象
- Urination
- Lacrimation
- Vomiting
- Defecation
- Bradycardia
- Bronchospasm
- Salivation
注意事項
Use with extreme caution in patients with bradycardias or atrioventricular block. Adequate monitoring and treatment must be available. Always have IV atropine and an endotracheal tube readily available before administering edrophonium. Safety during pregnancy is not established (FDA Category C); use only when clearly necessary.
医薬品相互作用
Antagonizes the muscarinic effects of edrophonium. Concurrent use should be done cautiously as atropine can mask the early clinical signs of a cholinergic crisis.
Theoretically may have additive cholinergic effects when used with edrophonium.
Edrophonium's cardiac effects may be increased; excessive slowing of heart rate (bradycardia) may occur.
Edrophonium may prolong the Phase I block of these agents.
Edrophonium antagonizes the neuromuscular blocking actions of these agents.
監視
- Cholinergic adverse effects (heart rate, respiratory rate/effort, salivation)
- Improvement of paresis (for 1-15 minutes) for presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
薬物動態
吸収
Only effective when given parenterally. After IV administration, effects on skeletal muscle begin within one minute.
分布
Not well described in veterinary literature.
代謝
Exact metabolic fate has not been well described.
消失
Excretion characteristics are not well described. Clinical effects generally persist for up to 10 minutes, though myasthenic patients may experience longer-lasting effects after the first dose.
過剰投与
Overdosage of edrophonium may induce a cholinergic crisis.
Clinical Signs of Toxicity (SLUDGE syndrome and beyond):
- GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation
- Respiratory: Increased bronchial secretions, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, respiratory paralysis
- Ophthalmic: Miosis, blurred vision, lacrimation
- Cardiovascular: Bradycardia or tachycardia, cardiospasm, hypotension, cardiac arrest
- Musculoskeletal: Muscle cramps, profound weakness, sweating (in animals with sweat glands)
Treatment: Consists of immediate respiratory and cardiac supportive therapy. Administer atropine IV to counteract severe muscarinic effects.
製品
製剤
- Injection
ヒト用医薬品
- Edrophonium Chloride Solution for Injection: 10 mg/mL in 10 mL & 15 mL vials (Enlon, Reversol)
- Edrophonium Chloride/Atropine Sulfate for Injection: 10 mg/mL with 0.14 mg/mL atropine sulfate in 5 mL single-dose amps & 15 mL multi-dose vials (Enlon-Plus)
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store injection at room temperature. Physically compatible at Y-site injections with heparin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, potassium chloride, and vitamin B complex with C. Compatibility depends on pH, concentration, and temperature.
飼主向け情報
- 臨床環境限定： エドロホニウムは特殊な診断用薬剤であり、管理された動物病院の環境でのみ投与されます。
- 目的： 主に、重度の筋力低下を引き起こす重症筋無力症の診断を補助するための迅速かつ一時的なテストとして使用されます。
- 予想されること： 検査中、獣医師はペットの状態を注意深く監視します。よだれ、嘔吐、排尿、心拍数の変化などの短時間の副作用が起こる可能性がありますが、獣医療チームはこれらが発生した場合に直ちに対処する準備ができています。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。