エンロフロキサシン

動物種別の用量

投与経路

禁忌

• Small and medium breed dogs 2 to 8 months of age (risk of cartilage damage)
• Large and giant breed dogs during their rapid-growth phase (may extend past 8 months)
• Patients hypersensitive to quinolones
• Foals (highly susceptible to arthropathic effects)
• Food-producing animals (extra-label use is strictly prohibited by the FDA)
• Dairy cattle or veal calves
• Growing dogs (<1 year of age; large-breed dogs <18 months of age)
• Cats <8 weeks of age
• Animals with known seizure disorders (relative contraindication)

有害事象

• Gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
• CNS stimulation (seizures, depression, lethargy, nervousness, ataxia)
• Cartilage abnormalities in young, growing animals
• Ocular toxicity/blindness in cats (at doses >5 mg/kg/day)
• Crystalluria (especially in dehydrated patients)
• Hypersensitivity reactions
• Elevated hepatic enzymes
• Tissue damage or pain at injection site (especially SC)
• Irreversible retinal blindness (cats)
• Cartilage abnormalities (growing dogs)
• Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
• CNS toxicity / seizures (especially at high doses or with NSAIDs)

薬物相互作用

• Antacids / Dairy Products (Mg++, Al+++, Ca++) · Cations bind to enrofloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
• Other Antibiotics (aminoglycosides, 3rd-gen cephalosporins, extended-spectrum penicillins) · Synergism may occur, though unpredictable against some bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Cyclosporine · May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of systemic cyclosporine.
• Flunixin · Increases the AUC and elimination half-life of both enrofloxacin and flunixin in dogs.
• Glyburide · Severe hypoglycemia is possible.
• Iron, Zinc (oral) · Decreased enrofloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
• Methotrexate · Increased methotrexate levels possible, resulting in toxicity.
• Nitrofurantoin · May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
• Phenytoin · May alter phenytoin blood levels.
• Probenecid · Blocks tubular secretion of ciprofloxacin (active metabolite), increasing its blood level and half-life.
• Quinidine · Increased risk for cardiotoxicity.
• Sucralfate · May inhibit absorption of enrofloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours. · major

モニタリング

• Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
• Adverse effects (GI upset, CNS signs)
• In cats: Monitor closely for mydriasis (dilated pupils) and/or retinal changes/vision loss
• Vision and pupillary light reflexes in cats
• Neurological status, especially in patients with a history of seizures
• Joint pain or lameness in young animals (if inadvertently administered)

過量投与

Acute overdoses in **dogs** typically result in gastrointestinal signs (anorexia, vomiting). Dogs receiving 10X the labeled dose for 14 days developed only vomiting and anorexia. However, extreme overdoses (25X the labeled rate for 11 days) resulted in death. In **cats**, overdoses can be severe and irreversible. Doses of 20 mg/kg or more can cause **retinopathy, blindness, and seizures**. Common signs of toxicity reported to poison control include vomiting, lethargy, seizures, anorexia, depression, and diarrhea in dogs; and seizures and recumbency in cats.