エルタペネム
エルタペネムは、イミペネムやメロペネムに構造が似ている広域スペクトルの**カルバペネム系抗菌薬**ですが、抗菌スペクトルはやや狭いです。 * **主な違い:** 他のカルバペネム系とは異なり、**緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)**や**アシネトバクター(Acinetobacter)**には無効です。 * **臨床的有用性:** アミノグリコシド系が禁忌(腎不全など)または無効であり、メロペネムが利用できない場合の耐性グラム陰性菌感染症の治療に特に有用です。 * **獣医療での使用:** 現在、犬や猫での使用に関する情報は非常に限られており、獣医療では**治験的(試験的)**と見なされています。
作用機序: Ertapenem is a **beta-lactam antibiotic** that exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. * **Mechanism:** It binds to **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** → inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking → weakens the bacterial cell wall → causes cell lysis and death. * **Enzyme Stability:** It is highly resistant to degradation by most beta-lactamases, including penicillinases and cephalosporinases. * **Renal Stability:** Unlike imipenem, ertapenem is stable against renal **dehydropeptidase I**, meaning it does *not* require co-administration with cilastatin.
動物種別の用量
- Susceptible infections (Investigational) · 15 mg/kg IV or IM every 12 hours (not to exceed a daily dosage of 1 gram) · IV/IM · q12h · Monitor literature for additional data.
- Susceptible infections (Investigational) · 15 mg/kg IV or IM every 12 hours (not to exceed a daily dosage of 1 gram) · IV/IM · q12h · Monitor literature for additional data.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to ertapenem or other carbapenems
- History of anaphylaxis to any beta-lactam antibiotic
- Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or amide-type local anesthetics (if using 1% lidocaine as an IM diluent)
有害事象
- Injection site reactions (most common in humans)
- Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Headache
- Tachycardia
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rare)
- CNS effects (hallucinations, agitation, seizures - rare)
薬物相互作用
- Probenecid · Can increase ertapenem AUC by 25% and elimination half-life by about 20%. Not recommended to be used concurrently to extend half-life.
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy (WBC count, resolution of fever, etc.)
- Adverse effects (GI signs, neurotoxicity, hypersensitivity)
- Hepatic, hematopoietic, and renal function (suggested for periodic assessment during prolonged use)
過量投与
Inadvertent overdoses are unlikely. In humans, a 3-gram IV dose caused an increased incidence of nausea and diarrhea. If overdose occurs and adverse effects are noted, treat supportively.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。