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エタノール

Ethanol

Ethyl alcohol

解毒剤IVPOPercutaneousAerosol犬猫

別名: Grain alcohol · Everclear · Vodka (used for compounding) · Medical alcohol · aethanolum · alcool · ethyl alcohol · EtOH

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

5.5 mL/kg IV q4h for 5 treatments, then q6h for four additional treatmentsIV· q4h then q6h· 9 treatments total
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用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

犬

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Ethylene glycol poisoning5.5 mL/kg IV q4h for 5 treatments, then q6h for four additional treatmentsIVq4h then q6h9 treatments total🌎 NA
Ethylene glycol poisoning8.6 mL/kg slowly IV followed by a CRI of 1.43 mL/kg/hrIVCRIat least 36 hours although 48 hours is probably better🌎 NA
Ethylene glycol toxicity5.5 ml of 20% ethanol solution/kgIVq4h for 5 treatments, then q6h for 4 additional treatments9 treatments total🌍 EU
Ethylene glycol toxicity (CRI method)Loading dose of 1.3 ml/kg of 30% solution, then 0.42 mg/kg/hIVCRI48 hours🌍 EU
Ethylene glycol toxicity (mild cases)As directed (equivalent to IV dosing)POAs directedUntil toxicity resolves🌍 EU
  • Ethylene glycol poisoning: As a 20% solution; dosed as a CRI over 1 hour
  • Ethylene glycol poisoning: Make a 7% ethanol solution. If EG test was positive initially, check before stopping treatment; discontinue if it reverts to negative.
  • Ethylene glycol toxicity: Adjust dose to maintain blood ethanol levels above 35 mg/dl.
  • Ethylene glycol toxicity (CRI method): Constant rate infusion method.
  • Ethylene glycol toxicity (mild cases): For clinically mild cases with minimal CNS signs; vodka is often used.

猫

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Ethylene glycol poisoning5 mL/kg IV q6h for 5 treatments, then q8h for four additional treatmentsIVq6h then q8h9 treatments total🌎 NA
Ethylene glycol poisoning8.6 mL/kg slowly IV followed by a CRI of 1.43 mL/kg/hrIVCRIat least 36 hours although 48 hours is probably better🌎 NA
Ethylene glycol toxicity5 ml of 20% ethanol solution/kgIVq6h for 5 treatments, then q8h for 4 additional treatments9 treatments total🌍 EU
  • Ethylene glycol poisoning: As a 20% solution; dosed as a CRI over 1 hour
  • Ethylene glycol poisoning: Make a 7% ethanol solution. If EG test was positive initially, check before stopping treatment; discontinue if it reverts to negative.
  • Ethylene glycol toxicity: Fomepizole is generally preferred over ethanol in cats if available.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか？VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

エタノール（エチルアルコール）は、獣医学において主に​エチレングリコール（不凍液）​または​メタノール​中毒の​解毒剤​として使用されます。

  • 現在は​ホメピゾール（4-MP）​がエチレングリコール中毒の第一選択薬ですが、摂取後数時間以内に来院した場合、エタノールは入手しやすく経済的な代替薬となります。
  • ​その他の用途​: 95%エタノールの経皮注射は猫の甲状腺機能亢進症の治療に成功しています。また、馬の粘液動態改善薬として噴霧吸入されることもあります。

​臨床のポイント​: 医療用エタノールが入手できない緊急時には、市販の蒸留酒（ウォッカや穀物アルコールなど）を静脈内輸液に混合して救命治療に使用することがよくあります。

作用機序

Ethanol acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

  • Ethylene glycol/Methanol + Alcohol dehydrogenase → Toxic metabolites (glycoaldehyde, glycolate, glyoxalate, and oxalic acid).
  • By occupying the enzyme, ethanol prevents this conversion, allowing the parent toxin (ethylene glycol or methanol) to be excreted primarily unchanged in the urine.
  • Note: For alcohol to be effective, it must be given very early after ingestion; it is seldom useful if started 8 hours after a significant ingestion.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Concurrent use with fomepizole (usually contraindicated)

有害事象

  • CNS depression
  • Respiratory depression
  • Diuresis
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Injection site pain and infection
  • Phlebitis
  • Extravasation injury
  • Bronchoconstriction and irritation (when aerosolized)

注意事項

Because ethylene glycol and methanol intoxications are life-threatening, there are no absolute contraindications to ethanol's use for these indications. Monitor fluid and electrolyte therapy requirements closely, as both the toxin and ethanol can cause diuresis. Watch for and avoid extravasation. Use during pregnancy only when necessary (FDA Category C). Ethanol may cause false positive reports on ethylene glycol screening tests.

医薬品相互作用

Bromocriptine

Alcohol may increase the severity of side effects seen with bromocriptine

Activated Charcoal

Will inhibit absorption of orally administered ethanol; do not use if administering ethanol orally

CNS Depressant Drugs (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines)

Alcohol may cause additive CNS depression

Fomepizole (4-MP)

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase; ethanol metabolism is reduced significantly and alcohol poisoning (CNS depression, coma, death) can occur. Use together is generally not recommended.

Insulin and antidiabetic drugs

Alcohol may affect glucose metabolism and the actions of insulin or oral antidiabetic agents

Chlorpropamide, furazolidone, metronidazole

A disulfiram reaction (increased acetaldehyde with tachycardia, vomiting, weakness) may occur

FomepizoleMajor

Increases risk of severe alcohol toxicity; concurrent use should be avoided.

監視

  • Alcohol blood levels (maintain at 100 to 130 mg/dL; safer to maintain >130 mg/dL than to fall below 100 mg/dL)
  • Ethylene glycol or methanol levels
  • Degree of CNS effect
  • Fluid and electrolyte status

薬物動態

吸収

Well absorbed orally, but administered intravenously for toxicity treatment.

分布

Rapidly distributes throughout the body and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Crosses the placenta and passes freely into milk.

代謝

Metabolized primarily in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase.

消失

Excreted primarily via metabolism, with small amounts excreted unchanged in urine and breath.

過剰投与

If clinical signs of overdosage occur (lateral nystagmus, respiratory depression, profound obtundation), either slow the infusion or discontinue temporarily. Alcohol blood levels may be used to monitor both efficacy and toxicity of alcohol.

製品

製剤

  • Intravenous infusion (often compounded)
  • Aerosol
  • Percutaneous injection

ヒト用医薬品

  • 5% Alcohol and 5% Dextrose in Water in 1000 mL
  • 10% Alcohol and 5% Dextrose in Water in 1000 mL

規制ステータス

European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品EMA

POM (Prescription Only Medicine).

United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品VMD

POM (Prescription Only Medicine).

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Alcohol should be protected from extreme heat or freezing. Do not use unless the solution is clear. Alcohol may precipitate many drugs; do not administer other medications in the alcohol infusion solution unless compatibility is documented.

飼主向け情報

  • ​集中治療​: 全身投与されるアルコールは救命のための解毒剤であり、管理された臨床環境（ICU）で投与する必要があります。
  • ​副作用​: 治療中、ペットは基本的に「酔った」状態になります。中枢神経系、呼吸、水分・電解質バランスを注意深く監視します。
  • ​時間との勝負​: この治療は、不凍液やメタノールを摂取した直後に開始するのが最も効果的です。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。