フルニキシンメグルミン
Flunixin Meglumine
3-pyridinecarboxylic acid
別名: Banamine · Flumeglumine · Finadyne · FluNix D · Flunixamine · Flunixiject · Flunizine · Prevail · Suppressor · Vedagesic · Resflor Gold · Sch-14714 · 3-pyridine-carboxylic acid
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
監査済み v13 用量エビデンス
構造化された用量計算エビデンスAnalgesic/anti-inflammatory (extra-label)
認証済み獣医師の確認が必要
- q24h
NA
必ず考慮する臨床コンテキスト (2)
- The combination product with florfenicol (Resflor Gold®) should not be stored above 30°C (86°F). Once the vial is entered, it should be used within 28 days. The 500 mL vial should not be punctured more than 10 times.
- All flunixin products should be stored between 2°C and 30°C (36°F-86°F). Flunixin transdermal solution should be used within 6 months of first opening. Vials for injection should be used within 28 days of first puncture, punctured a maximum of 10 times.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
フルニキシンメグルミンは、強力な獣医専用の非ステロイド性抗炎症薬（NSAID）であり、鎮痛、抗炎症、解熱作用のために広く使用されています。
- 主な用途: 米国では馬、牛、豚での使用がFDAに承認されています。馬では、疝痛（コリック）に関連する内臓痛に対する標準的な鎮痛薬とされており、筋骨格系疾患にも使用されます。牛や豚では、主に呼吸器疾患やエンドトキシン血症に伴う発熱のコントロールに使用されます。
- 適応外使用: 過去には小動物（犬）にも使用されていましたが、現在ではより安全なCOX-2選択的NSAID（カルプロフェン、メロキシカムなど）に取って代わられています。猫はNSAIDの毒性に対して非常に敏感であるため、通常は禁忌とされます。
- 臨床のポイント: フルニキシンは、敗血症性ショックの動物の血行動態を改善する能力や、反芻動物および馬の内臓痛に対する高い有効性で知られています。ただし、疝痛患者において、エンドトキシン血症や腸管壊死に関連する行動的および心肺の兆候を隠してしまう可能性があります。
作用機序
Flunixin meglumine is a potent, non-selective inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system.
- Mechanism: Cell membrane phospholipids → Phospholipase A2 → Arachidonic Acid → COX-1 / COX-2 → Decreased production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
- By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, it reduces inflammation, lowers body temperature (antipyretic), and provides significant analgesia.
- Unlike some other NSAIDs, flunixin does not appreciably alter gastrointestinal motility in horses, making it highly suitable for colic management.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to flunixin
- Cats (generally contraindicated due to availability of safer alternatives)
- Patients with preexisting GI ulcers (e.g., Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome - EGUS)
- Patients with significant renal, hepatic, or hematologic diseases
- Breeding bulls (lack of reproductive safety data)
- Use to ambulate cattle intended for slaughter
有害事象
- Anaphylaxis (especially after rapid IV administration in horses and cattle)
- IM injection site reactions (localized swelling, induration, stiffness, sweating, and rarely clostridial myonecrosis)
- Gastrointestinal ulceration (oral and gastric ulcers, especially with prolonged use or high doses)
- Renal ischemia and nephrotoxicity (especially in dehydrated patients, dogs, and birds)
- Hematochezia and hematuria (reported in cattle treated > 3 days)
- Hypoproteinemia and hematologic abnormalities
注意事項
Important Warnings
- Masking of Symptoms: In horses with colic, flunixin may mask the behavioral and cardiopulmonary signs associated with endotoxemia or intestinal devitalization.
- Injection Site Risks: IM injections in horses and cattle can cause significant tissue irritation and rarely clostridial myonecrosis. Rapid IV administration can cause anaphylactic-like reactions.
- Intra-arterial Injection: Accidental intra-arterial injection may cause CNS stimulation (hysteria), ataxia, hyperventilation, and muscle weakness.
- Pregnancy: Use cautiously in pregnant animals (FDA Class C equivalent).
医薬品相互作用
May decrease plasma levels of flunixin and increase the likelihood of GI adverse effects (blood loss)
May increase cyclosporine blood levels and increase the risk for nephrotoxicity
May increase serum levels of digoxin; use with caution in severe cardiac failure
Increases AUC and elimination half-life of both flunixin and enrofloxacin in dogs
May reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects of the diuretic
Serious toxicity has occurred with concomitant use; use together with extreme caution
Increased risk of synergistic nephrotoxicity
May cause a significant increase in serum levels and half-life of flunixin
May increase the risk for bleeding
監視
- Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic efficacy
- Gastrointestinal effects (especially in dogs and horses)
- CBCs and occult blood in feces with chronic use in horses
- Renal parameters (BUN, Creatinine, USG) in susceptible species or dehydrated patients
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Rapidly absorbed following oral administration in horses (average bioavailability 80%). Peak serum levels occur in 30 minutes. Onset of action is generally within 2 hours; peak response between 12-16 hours, and duration lasts up to 30 hours.
分布
Highly bound to plasma proteins (>99% cattle, 92% dogs, 87% horses). Volume of distribution ranges from approximately 0.15 L/kg in horses to 0.78 L/kg in cattle.
代謝
Elimination is primarily via hepatic routes.
消失
Excreted primarily via biliary routes. Detectable in equine urine for at least 48 hours after a dose.
過剰投与
Acute overdosage should be handled by using established protocols of emptying the gut (if oral ingestion and practical/possible) and treating the patient supportively.
- Gastric Ulceration: A distinct possibility in horses that have received overdoses. Consider using prophylactic anti-ulcer medications (e.g., omeprazole) in overdosed horses.
- Renal Protection: Ensure adequate hydration and monitor renal values closely.
製品
製剤
- Injection (50 mg/mL)
- Oral Paste (1500 mg/syringe)
- Oral Granules (250 mg/sachet)
- Combination Injection (16.5 mg/mL flunixin + 300 mg/mL florfenicol)
動物用医薬品
- Flunixin Meglumine for Injection: 50 mg/mL in 50 mL, 100 mL and 250 mL vials
- Flunixin Meglumine Oral Paste: 1500 mg/syringe in 30 gram syringes
- Flunixin Meglumine Oral Granules: 250 mg in 10 gram sachets; 500 mg in 20 g sachets
- Flunixin 16.5 mg/mL with Florfenicol 300 mg/mL Injection (Resflor Gold)
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store all flunixin products between 2-30°C (36-86°F). Do not mix flunixin meglumine injection with other drugs due to unknown compatibilities. Resflor Gold should not be stored above 30°C (86°F), should be used within 28 days of first puncture, and the 500 mL vial should not be punctured more than 10 times.
飼主向け情報
飼い主および家畜所有者向け情報
- 投与方法: 獣医師の指示に厳密に従ってください。馬や犬に筋肉内注射（IM）を行う場合、痛みや腫れを引き起こす可能性があることに注意してください。（注：豚の場合、筋肉内注射は首の筋肉のみに指定されています）。
- 食肉用動物への制限: 牛への筋肉内注射は適応外使用であり、より長い休薬期間が必要です。屠殺のために怪我をした牛や歩けない牛を歩かせる目的でフルニキシンを使用しないでください。
- 注意すべき副作用: 胃潰瘍の兆候（食欲不振、黒色/タール状の便、元気消失）や排尿の変化に気づいた場合は、直ちに投薬を中止し、獣医師に連絡してください。
- 効果がない場合: 最初の投与で痛みが抑えられない場合、獣医師に相談せずに追加投与を行わないでください。効果が得られないまま毒性のリスクが高まる可能性があります。
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