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ヒドロコドン

Hydrocodone

Hydrocodone bitartrate

別名: Tussigon · Hycodan · Vicodin · Lortab · Norco · Hydromet · Hydromide · Hydropane · Biocodone · Dicodid · Hydrokon · Robidone · hydrocodone tartrate · dihydrocodeinone acid tartrate · hydrocodone acid tartrate · hydrocodoni bitartras · hydrocone bitartrate

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

0.22 mg/kg PO q6-12hPO· q6-12h
🐕

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
For cough0.22 mg/kg PO q6-12hPOq6-12h🌎 NA
As an analgesic using fixed dose combination products with acetaminophen0.22-0.5 mg/kg of the hydrocodone component PO q8-12hPOq8-12h🌎 NA
For cough using Hycodan (or equivalent)¼ to 1 tablet (5 mg) once to 4 times dailyPOq6-24h🌎 NA
For lick granulomas5-10 mg (1-2 tablets) per 20 kg of body weight PO three times dailyPOTID🌎 NA
For adjunctive treatment of opioid-related stereotypies, lick granuloma0.22-0.25 mg/kg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h🌎 NA
  • For cough: Goal is to suppress coughing without causing excessive sedation
  • As an analgesic using fixed dose combination products with acetaminophen: Do not exceed 15 mg/kg of the acetaminophen component q8h.
  • For cough using Hycodan (or equivalent): In small and medium sized dogs.
  • For adjunctive treatment of opioid-related stereotypies, lick granuloma: Supplies exogenous opioids to decrease the need for self-stimulation.

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
For adjunctive treatment of opioid-related stereotypies1.25-5 mg per cat PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
  • For adjunctive treatment of opioid-related stereotypies: Do NOT use any product that contains acetaminophen.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか?VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

ヒドロコドンはフェナントレン誘導体の​オピオイド作動薬​であり、獣医療では主に犬の強力な​鎮咳薬​として使用されます。

  • ​主な適応症:​ 気管虚脱、気管支炎、犬伝染性気管気管支炎(ケンネルコフ)などに関連する、激しい乾性咳嗽の管理。
  • ​行動治療:​ オピオイド関連の行動問題(舐性肉芽腫、常同行動など)の治療に時折使用され、外因性オピオイドを提供することで自己刺激行動を減らします。
  • ​鎮痛作用:​ アセトアミノフェンを含む配合剤は、犬の中等度の経口鎮痛に使用できます。

​重大な警告:​ アセトアミノフェンを含む配合剤(Vicodin®、Lortab®など)は、致命的なアセトアミノフェン中毒を引き起こすため、​猫には絶対に使用してはいけません​

作用機序

Hydrocodone acts primarily by binding to mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system.

  • ​Antitussive Effect:​ Direct suppression of the cough reflex at the cough center in the medulla oblongata.
  • ​Analgesic Effect:​ Binds to pre- and post-synaptic mu-receptors in the brain and spinal cord → inhibits release of nociceptive neurotransmitters (like Substance P) → hyperpolarizes neurons → decreases excitability and pain transmission.
  • ​Respiratory Effects:​ Tends to have a drying effect on respiratory mucosa, increasing the viscosity of secretions. The addition of homatropine methylbromide (an anticholinergic) in some formulations enhances this drying effect.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
  • Patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs, e.g., selegiline)
  • Diarrhea caused by toxic ingestion (until toxin is eliminated)
  • Acetaminophen-containing products MUST NOT be used in cats

有害事象

  • Sedation
  • Constipation (especially with chronic therapy)
  • Vomiting
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances
  • Masking of clinical signs of underlying respiratory disease

注意事項

Use with caution in patients with hypothyroidism, severe renal insufficiency, adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease), head injuries, increased intracranial pressure, acute abdominal conditions, and in geriatric or severely debilitated patients.

Use with extreme caution in patients suffering from respiratory diseases when respiratory secretions are increased or when liquids are nebulized into the respiratory tract.

​Note:​ Hydrocodone products have a relatively high abuse potential in humans. Veterinarians should be vigilant for drug-seeking behavior from clients.

医薬品相互作用

Acepromazine

May cause additive hypotension in dogs with collapsing trachea

Anticholinergic Drugs

May cause additive anticholinergic effects

Antidepressants (Tricyclic & MAOIs)

May potentiate the adverse effects associated with the antidepressant

CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers)

May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression

監視

  • Clinical efficacy (reduction in cough frequency/severity, pain relief)
  • Adverse effects (excessive sedation, constipation, respiratory depression)

薬物動態

半減期

Antitussive and analgesic actions generally persist for 6-12 hours.

吸収

Oral bioavailability of 40%-80% in dogs. Well absorbed after oral administration in humans.

分布

Unknown if hydrocodone enters milk.

代謝

Partially metabolized to hydromorphone in the liver.

消失

Excreted primarily via the kidneys.

過剰投与

Massive overdose primarily causes CNS, cardiovascular, and respiratory depression secondary to opiate effects.

  • ​Treatment:​ If ingestion was recent, empty the gut using standard protocols. Administer naloxone to reverse opioid effects as necessary.
  • ​Note on Homatropine:​ The homatropine ingredient in some formulations may cause anticholinergic effects, but its relatively low toxicity usually does not require specific treatment.

製品

製剤

  • Oral Tablets
  • Oral Syrup
  • Combination products (with homatropine, acetaminophen, decongestants, or antihistamines)

ヒト用医薬品

  • Hydrocodone Bitartrate Oral Tablets: 5 mg with Homatropine MBr 1.5 mg (Tussigon®, Hycodan®)
  • Hydrocodone Bitartrate Oral Syrup: 5 mg with Homatropine MBr 1.5 mg per 5 mL (Hycodan®, Hydromet®, Hydromide®, Hydropane®)
  • Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Oral Tablets: 5 mg/325mg, 5 mg/500 mg, 7.5 mg/325mg, 10 mg/325mg (Vicodin®, Norco®, Lortab®)
  • Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Oral Elixir: 2.5 mg hydrocodone and 167 mg acetaminophen per 5 mL

規制ステータス

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Products should be protected from light and stored at room temperature.

飼主向け情報

獣医師の指示通りに正確に投与してください。

  • ​人間用の痛み止め​(VicodinやLortabなど)を、獣医師の明確な指示なしにペットに与えないでください。​これらの製品にはアセトアミノフェンが含まれており、猫にとっては猛毒であり致命的になることがよくあります。​
  • この薬はペットを眠くさせたり、鎮静させたりする可能性があります。
  • 長期使用により便秘が起こる可能性があります。ペットの排便状況を観察してください。
  • これは人間による乱用の可能性がある規制薬物であるため、子供や他のペットの手の届かない安全な場所に保管してください。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。