イバフロキサシン
イバフロキサシンは、主に欧州で使用される獣医専用の経口**フルオロキノロン系抗生物質**です（米国では未承認）。グラム陰性菌および一部のグラム陽性菌（腸内細菌科、ブドウ球菌など）に対して**濃度依存的な殺菌作用**を示します。 > **臨床上のポイント**: 他のフルオロキノロン系（エンロフロキサシンやマルボフロキサシンなど）とは異なり、緑膿菌、レンサ球菌、プロテウス・ミラビリスに対する有効性は低いです。 猫における**網膜毒性の報告がない**点は、同系統の他の薬剤と比較して大きな利点です。
作用機序: Fluoroquinolones exert their bactericidal effect by targeting essential bacterial enzymes involved in DNA replication and transcription. * **Primary Target**: Inhibits **bacterial DNA-gyrase** (topoisomerase II) → prevents DNA supercoiling → halts DNA synthesis. * **Secondary Target**: Inhibits **topoisomerase IV** → interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules. Ibafloxacin is metabolized into two active metabolites (8-hydroxy-ibafloxacin and 7-hydroxy-ibafloxacin), which contribute to its overall antimicrobial efficacy.
動物種別の用量
- Susceptible infections (dermal infections: soft tissue infections-wounds, abscesses; upper respiratory tract infections) · 15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · Usually a 10-day course is sufficient. · Give at time of feeding. Reconsider treatment if no improvement after 5 days.
- Susceptible infections (dermal infections: superficial and deep pyoderma, wounds, abscesses) · 15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · Usually a 10-day course is sufficient. In cases of deep pyoderma, reconsider treatment if sufficient improvement not seen in 21 days. · Give at time of feeding. Reconsider treatment if no improvement after 5 days.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Dogs less than 8 months of age
- Giant breed dogs less than 18 months of age
- Cats less than 8 months of age
- Known quinolone hypersensitivity
有害事象
- Diarrhea
- Soft feces
- Vomiting
- Dullness
- Anorexia
- Salivation
- Elevated hepatic enzymes (rare, class effect)
- Ataxia (rare, class effect)
- Seizures (rare, class effect)
- Depression/Lethargy (rare, class effect)
- Nervousness (rare, class effect)
薬物相互作用
- NSAIDs · Should not be used with NSAIDs in dogs with a history of seizures due to increased risk of CNS stimulation.
- Antacids or Supplements (iron, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, calcium) · Cations may bind to ibafloxacin and prevent its gastrointestinal absorption.
- Cyclosporine · Fluoroquinolones may exacerbate the nephrotoxicity of systemic cyclosporine.
- Nitrofurantoin · May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
- Quinidine · Increased risk for cardiotoxicity.
- Sucralfate · May inhibit absorption of ibafloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
- Theophylline · Ibafloxacin may increase theophylline blood levels.
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy
- Adverse GI effects (vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhea, anorexia)
過量投与
Specific information is limited. It is unlikely an acute overdose would result in signs more serious than anorexia or vomiting. * **Dogs**: Doses of 75 mg/kg/day (5X) were apparently well tolerated. * **Cats**: Doses up to 75 mg/kg/day demonstrated salivation and vomiting. If overdose occurs in cats, ophthalmic monitoring is recommended as a precaution, despite no reported ocular toxicity.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。