イミドカルブ
Imidocarb
Imidocarb dipropionate
別名: Imizol · Imidocarb dipropionate · Imidocarb hydrochloride · 4A65 · Imidocarbum
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
6.6 mg/kgIM or SC· repeat dose in 2 weeks
— 🐕
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 6.6 mg/kg | IM or SC | repeat dose in 2 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Babesiosis | 5-6.6 mg/kg | IM or SC | repeat in 14 days | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ehrlichiosis (Severe cases) | 5 mg/kg | SC | single injection or two injections 15 days apart | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hepatozoonosis (H. canis) | 5 mg/kg | IM or SC | every 14 days | until parasitemia clears | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of Babesia canis infection | 6.6 mg/kg | IM/SC | once, repeated in 2-3 weeks | 2 doses total | 🌍 EU |
- Babesiosis: Alternatively, 7.5 mg/kg IM or SC once. A single dose of 6 mg/kg the day following a dose of diminazene at 3.5 mg/kg has also been shown to clear the infection.
- Ehrlichiosis (Severe cases): Given with doxycycline at 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Note: Imidocarb alone is not effective in clearing E. canis.
- Hepatozoonosis (H. canis): Usually 1-2 injections are sufficient.
- Treatment of Babesia canis infection: Dose based on imidocarb dipropionate (121.15 mg/ml). Premedication with atropine (0.05 mg/kg) to minimize side effects is highly recommended.
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytauxzoon felis | 3-4 mg/kg | IM | repeated 7 days after initial dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Cytauxzoon felis | 5 mg/kg | IM | once and then 14 days later | — | 🌎 NA |
| Feline hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum) | 5 mg/kg | IM, SC | every 14 days | until able to maintain a normal PCV | 🌎 NA |
| Feline clinical ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis | 5 mg/kg | IM | every 14 days | for at least 2-4 treatments | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of large babesial species infection | 2.5 mg/kg | IM | once | 1 dose | 🌍 EU |
- Cytauxzoon felis: Efficacy not proven. Cholinergic effects can be mitigated by pre-treating with atropine. Must also give supportive therapy (IV fluids, prophylactic heparin, nutritional/nursing care, analgesia, and potentially transfusion).
- Feline hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum): Alternative for cats intolerant of doxycycline.
- Feline clinical ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis: Alternative to doxycycline.
- Treatment of large babesial species infection: Dose based on imidocarb dipropionate. Can improve clinical signs. Alternative agents are preferable for smaller species (e.g., B. felis).
馬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi; Babesia equi) | 2.2 mg/kg | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi) | 2 mg/kg | IM | once a day | for 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi) | 4 mg/kg | IM | at 72 hour intervals | for 4 doses | 🌎 NA |
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi; Babesia equi): Will generally allow clinical signs to subside.
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi): To eliminate B. caballi.
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi): B. equi is more difficult to eliminate.
羊
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 1.2 mg/kg | IM | repeat in 10-14 days | — | 🌎 NA |
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
イミドカルブ（Imidocarb）は、主に獣医学においてマダニ媒介性の原虫感染症の治療に使用されるジアミジン系抗原虫薬です。
主な臨床応用：
- バベシア症：犬の犬バベシア（Babesia canis）や、馬および羊のバベシア種に対して高い有効性を示します。
- サイトウゾーン症：猫のCytauxzoon felis感染症の治療に使用され、多くの場合、包括的な治療プロトコルの一部として用いられます。
- その他の用途：エールリヒア、ヘパトゾーン、および猫のヘモプラズマの代替または補助治療として利用されることもあります。
臨床のポイント：犬バベシアには非常に有効ですが、ギブソンバベシア（B. gibsoni）に対する有効性は一般的に低いです。また、アメリカヘパトゾーンのシスト（嚢子）期を排除することはできません。
作用機序
Imidocarb acts by directly targeting the nucleic acids of susceptible protozoal organisms.
- It binds to and intercalates with DNA → causing the double helix to unwind and denature.
- This structural damage → inhibits cellular repair and replication → leading to parasite death.
- Mechanistic Note: As a diamidine derivative, it may also interfere with polyamine synthesis and function, further disrupting the parasite's metabolic pathways.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Patients exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs
- Patients exposed to pesticides or certain chemicals
有害事象
- Pain and inflammation at the injection site (rarely ulceration)
- Salivation (drooling)
- Nasal drip/discharge
- Vomiting (usually brief)
- Panting
- Diarrhea
- Restlessness
- Lacrimation and sweating (horses)
- Severe renal tubular or hepatic necrosis (rare)
- Injection site inflammation (mild to severe, potential ulceration)
- Anaphylactoid reactions (reported in cattle)
注意事項
Important Warnings
- Do NOT administer intravenously (IV).
- Premedication: In cats, puppies, and debilitated dogs, pretreatment with an antimuscarinic agent (e.g., atropine or glycopyrrolate) is strongly advised to mitigate cholinergic side effects.
- Organ Dysfunction: Use with caution in patients with impaired lung, hepatic, or renal function; weigh risks versus benefits.
- Species Sensitivities: Donkeys appear to be particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of imidocarb.
- Reproductive Safety: Safety in puppies, pregnant, lactating, or breeding animals has not been established.
医薬品相互作用
Cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs (e.g., pyridostigmine)
Increased risk of severe cholinergic toxicity; concurrent use is contraindicated.
Pesticides and chemicals
May exacerbate cholinergic adverse effects and toxicity.
AnticholinesterasesMajor
Increased risk of severe cholinergic toxicity
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of parasitemia and clinical signs)
- Adverse effect profile (cholinergic signs, injection site reactions)
- Creatine kinase (CK) levels (may be significantly increased post-IM injection)
- Liver and kidney function (especially in cases of suspected overdose or pre-existing disease)
- Resolution of clinical signs of babesiosis (fever, anemia, lethargy)
- Blood smears or PCR to confirm parasite clearance
- Injection site for signs of inflammation, necrosis, or ulceration
- Immediate post-injection monitoring for cholinergic crisis
薬物動態
半減期
猫Unknown犬Prolonged (exact duration varies)
吸収
No specific information available in the monograph.
分布
No specific information available in the monograph.
代謝
No specific information available in the monograph.
消失
No specific information available in the monograph.
過剰投与
Acute Toxicity & Overdose Signs:
- Dogs: At 1.5X the labeled dose (9.9 mg/kg), dogs exhibited signs of liver injury (mildly elevated liver enzymes), pain/swelling at the injection site, and vomiting.
- General Overdose/Chronic Toxicity: Presents primarily with severe cholinergic signs (vomiting, weakness, lethargy, excessive salivation) or adverse changes in liver, kidney, lung, or intestinal function.
- Horses: The reported LD-50 is 16 mg/kg.
Treatment:
- Atropine or other antimuscarinics may be highly useful to treat the cholinergic signs associated with imidocarb toxicity.
- Provide symptomatic and supportive care for organ dysfunction.
製品
製剤
- Injection (120 mg/mL)
- Injectable solution: 85 mg/ml imidocarb base (equivalent to 121.15 mg/ml imidocarb dipropionate)
動物用医薬品
- Imidocarb Dipropinate for IM or SC Injection: 120 mg/mL in 10 mL multi-dose vials (Imizol®)
- Imizol 85 mg/ml solution for injection (121.15 mg/ml imidocarb dipropionate)
規制ステータス
European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品EMA
🐄 Cattle
プール期間: cattle meat 213 days · cattle milk 21 days
Licensed primarily for cattle; used off-label in dogs and cats under the cascade.
United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品 · POM-VVMD
🐄 Cattle
プール期間: cattle meat 213 days · cattle milk 21 days
Licensed primarily for cattle; used off-label in dogs and cats under the cascade.
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store between 2°-25°C (36°-77°F) and protect from light.
飼主向け情報
重要：この薬は獣医師による注射でのみ投与されます。
- 目的：重篤な血液寄生虫感染症（バベシアやサイトウゾーンなど）の治療に処方されます。
- 予測される反応：注射時に強い痛みを伴うことがあります。注射直後に、よだれ、鼻水、パンティング（あえぎ呼吸）、または一時的な嘔吐が見られることがあります。これらはよく知られた一般的な反応であり、通常はすぐに治まります。
- 注意事項：ペットが最近ノミ・マダニ駆除の薬浴や農薬に曝露したことがある場合、または他の薬剤（特に神経系に影響を与えるもの）を服用している場合は、重篤な副作用のリスクが高まる可能性があるため、直ちに獣医師に知らせてください。
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