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イソフルラン

Isoflurane

1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether

全身麻酔薬、吸入InhalationInhalational犬猫小型哺乳類フェレット鳥爬虫類

別名: Isoflo · Iso-Thesia · Forane · Isosol · Terrell · Isoba · Isocare · Isofane · Isoflurane Vet · Vetflurane · compound 469 · isofluranum · AErrane · Forene · Forenium · Forthane · Isoforine · Isothane · Lisorane · Sofloran · Tensocold · Zuflax

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

監査済み v13 用量エビデンス

確認済み・計算対象外のエビデンス
確認済み・計算対象外のエビデンス (3)

エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）

Green iguanas/15–35 min loss of righting reflex; mean MAC, 1.62%; pH 7.49

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 5% via chamber in 5 L/min O2129. Species/Comments: Green iguanas/15–35 min loss of righting reflex; mean MAC, 1.62%; pH 7.49.

via chamber
高リスク認証済み獣医師の確認が必要drug_regimenプロトコル 2019監査 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）

Bearded dragons/trend toward shorter induction and recovery with 21% O2 group compared with use of 100% O2

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 3% in 100% O2 and 21% O2248. Species/Comments: Bearded dragons/trend toward shorter induction and recovery with 21% O2 group compared with use of 100% O2.

高リスク認証済み獣医師の確認が必要drug_regimenプロトコル 2019監査 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）

Most species/inhalation anesthetic of choice in reptiles; induction, 6–20 min; recovery, 30–60 min; not as smooth in reptiles compared with other animals; intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation advisable; may preanesthetize with low dose propofol, ketamine, etc.

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 3%–5% induction,147 1%–3% maintenance37. Species/Comments: Most species/inhalation anesthetic of choice in reptiles; induction, 6–20 min; recovery, 30–60 min; not as smooth in reptiles compared with other animals; intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation advisable; may preanesthetize with low dose propofol, ketamine, etc..

高リスク認証済み獣医師の確認が必要drug_regimenプロトコル 2019監査 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか？VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

イソフルランは獣医療で広く使用されている​吸入全身麻酔薬​です。

主な臨床的特徴：

  • ​心血管系の安全性​：ハロタンなどの古い薬剤と比較して、心筋抑制やカテコールアミン感作作用が少ないです。
  • ​臓器の安全性​：肝代謝がごくわずか（約0.17%）であるため、肝疾患や腎疾患を持つ患者にも安全な選択肢です。
  • ​臨床のポイント​：セボフルランなどの新しい薬剤は麻酔深度の変更が早く、マスク導入がスムーズですが、イソフルランは依然として信頼性が高く、費用対効果に優れた獣医麻酔の定番です。

作用機序

The exact mechanism of inhalant anesthetics remains partially understood, but they are believed to act on the lipid matrix of neuronal membranes and interact with various ligand-gated ion channels (e.g., GABA_A receptors) in the brain and spinal cord.

Key physiological effects:

  • CNS: Reversible depression, altered temperature regulation, increased cerebral blood flow.
  • Cardiovascular: Dose-dependent hypotension (primarily via vasodilation rather than direct myocardial depression).
  • Respiratory: Dose-dependent respiratory depression.

​MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)​ values: Dog = 1.5%; Cat = 1.2%; Horse = 1.31%.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • History or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia
  • Known susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia

有害事象

  • Dose-related hypotension
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Ileus
  • Minimal cardiodepression
  • Rare arrhythmias
  • Dose-dependent hypotension (due to vasodilation, particularly in skeletal muscle)
  • Dose-dependent respiratory depression
  • Arrhythmias (less arrhythmogenic than halothane, but possible under certain conditions)
  • Hypothermia

注意事項

Use with caution in patients with increased CSF pressure, head injury, or myasthenia gravis. Because of respiratory depressant effects, intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) may be required, particularly in horses, which increases overdose risks. Isoflurane is irritating to the respiratory system and is not recommended for mask induction. May be fetotoxic; use cautiously during pregnancy.

医薬品相互作用

Aminoglycosides

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur

ACE Inhibitors or Hypotensive Agents

Concomitant use may increase risks for profound hypotension

Lincosamides

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur

Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking AgentsModerate

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur

Succinylcholine

May induce increased incidences of cardiac effects (bradycardia, arrhythmias) and malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients

Sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine, etc.)

May result in arrhythmias, though isoflurane sensitizes the myocardium less than halothane. Use with caution and intensive monitoring.

Sedatives (e.g., alpha-2 agonists, phenothiazines)Moderate

Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction).

Opioid agonistsModerate

Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction).

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)Moderate

Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia.

監視

  • Respiratory and ventilatory status
  • Cardiac rate and rhythm
  • Blood pressure (particularly in 'at risk' patients)
  • Level of anesthesia
  • Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (capnography/ETCO2 recommended)
  • Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Blood pressure (Doppler or oscillometric)
  • Oxygen saturation (Pulse oximetry/SpO2)
  • Body temperature
  • Anaesthetic depth (eye position, palpebral reflex, jaw tone)

薬物動態

半減期

猫Rapid (minutes for alveolar washout)犬Rapid (minutes for alveolar washout)

吸収

Rapidly absorbed from the alveoli.

分布

Rapidly distributed into the CNS and crosses the placenta.

代謝

Only about 0.17% is metabolized in the liver; very small amounts of inorganic fluoride are formed.

消失

The vast majority of the drug is eliminated unchanged via the lungs.

過剰投与

Overdose risks are increased with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Profound hypotension may occur, which usually responds to IV fluids but may require the use of vasopressors.

製品

製剤

  • Liquid for inhalation
  • Inhalational liquid: 250 ml bottle

動物用医薬品

  • Isoflurane Inhalation Anesthetic: 99.9%/mL in 100 mL and 250 mL bottles (Isoflo, Isosol, Iso-Thesia, generic)
  • Isoba 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • Isocare 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • Isofane 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • IsoFlo 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • Isoflurane Vet 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • Vetflurane 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid

ヒト用医薬品

  • Isoflurane Liquid for inhalation in 100 mL & 250 mL (Forane, Terrell, generic)
  • Isoflurane 100% inhalation vapour, liquid

規制ステータス

European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats🐴 Horses pigs🐦 Birds

プール期間: pigs meat 2 days · horses meat 2 days

POM-V classification.

United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats🐴 Horses pigs🐦 Birds

プール期間: pigs meat 2 days · horses meat 2 days

POM-V classification.

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store at room temperature in a tight, light-resistant container. It is relatively unaffected by exposure to light. Isoflurane does not attack aluminum, brass, tin, iron, or copper.

飼主向け情報

イソフルランは、動物病院で獣医療従事者によって投与される麻酔ガスです。

  • ​麻酔後のケア​：処置後12〜24時間は、ペットがぼんやりしたり、ふらついたり、気管チューブの影響で軽い咳をすることがあります。
  • ​食事​：獣医師の指示がない限り、吐き気を防ぐために最初は少量の水と食事を与えてください。
  • ​観察​：完全に回復するまでは、静かで安全、かつ暖かい環境でペットを休ませてください。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。