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リンコマイシン

Lincomycin

Lincomycin hydrochloride

リンコサミド系抗生物質POIMIVSC犬猫フェレット豚

別名: Lincocin · Lincomix · LincoMed · Linco-Ped · Lincono · Macrolin · Lincoject · U-10149 · NSC-70731 · Anbycin · Frademicina · Fredcina · Lincomicina · Lincomycine · Lincomycinum

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

WHO高位重要抗菌薬 — 責任ある使用を推奨
15.4 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12hPO· q8h or q12h· Superficial pyoderma 21-42 days; deep, resistant pyoderma 56 days
— 🐕

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

犬

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Skin and soft tissue infections15.4 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12hPOq8h or q12hSuperficial pyoderma 21-42 days; deep, resistant pyoderma 56 days🌎 NA
Systemic infections22 mg/kg IM, SC, or IV (must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion) q24h or 11 mg/kg IM or SC q12hIM, SC, IVq24h or q12h12 days or less🌎 NA
Bacteremia, sepsis11-22 mg/kg IV q8hIVq8h12 days or less🌎 NA
Pyoderma40-50 mg/kg/day PO divided into two or three doses per dayPODivided into two or three doses per day—🌎 NA
Superficial pyodermas20 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
Pyoderma22 mg/kg PO twice dailyPOTwice daily—🌎 NA
Susceptible bacterial infections22 mg/kgIMq24h—🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections11 mg/kgIMq12h—🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections11-22 mg/kgIVq12-24h—🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections22 mg/kgPOq12h—🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections15 mg/kgPOq8h—🌍 EU
  • Systemic infections: IV must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion
  • Pyoderma: Good for first time pyodermas
  • Susceptible bacterial infections: Must be administered slowly

猫

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Skin and soft tissue infections11 mg/kg IM q12h or 22 mg/kg IM q24hIMq12h or q24h12 days or less🌎 NA
Systemic infections15 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12hPOq8h or q12h12 days or less🌎 NA
Susceptible bacterial infections22 mg/kgIMq24h—🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections11 mg/kgIMq12h—🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections11-22 mg/kgIVq12-24h—🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections22 mg/kgPOq12h—🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections15 mg/kgPOq8h—🌍 EU
  • Susceptible bacterial infections: Must be administered slowly

フェレット

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Susceptible infections10-15 mg/kg PO three times daily; 10 mg/kg IM twice dailyPO, IMThree times daily (PO) or twice daily (IM)—🌎 NA

豚

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Mycoplasmal (M. hyopneumoniae) pneumoniaFed at 200 grams per ton of feed for 21 days or 11 mg/kg IM once dailyPO, IMContinuous in feed or once daily IM21 days (feed)🌎 NA
Susceptible infections11 mg/kg IM once daily for 3-7 days; or added to drinking water at a rate of 250 mg/gallon (average of 8.36 mg/kg/day)IM, POOnce daily (IM) or continuous in water3-7 days (IM)🌎 NA

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか？VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

​リンコマイシン​は、クリンダマイシンに密接に関連する狭〜中域スペクトルの​リンコサミド系抗生物質​です。獣医学においては、主に感受性のあるグラム陽性好気性球菌（ブドウ球菌やレンサ球菌など）、様々な嫌気性菌、およびマイコプラズマによる感染症の治療に使用されます。

主な薬理学的特徴：

  • ​抗菌スペクトル​: 多くの嫌気性菌、グラム陽性好気性菌、トキソプラズマに有効です。一般にグラム陰性好気性菌やエンテロコッカス・フェカリスには無効です。
  • ​臨床的有用性​: 犬、猫、豚での使用がFDAに承認されていますが、小動物では経口吸収性が良く、抗菌活性が高く、毒性が低いクリンダマイシンに取って代わられつつあります。
  • ​毒性の特徴​: 後腸発酵動物や反芻動物（馬、ウサギ、げっ歯類など）には​絶対禁忌​です。重篤で致命的なクロストリジウム性腸炎を引き起こすリスクがあるためです。

​臨床のポイント​: リンコマイシンは時間依存性の抗生物質です。投与間隔中、薬物濃度を最小発育阻止濃度（MIC）以上に維持することが臨床的成功に不可欠です。

作用機序

Lincomycin exerts its antibacterial effects by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.

Mechanism Pathway: Drug enters bacterial cell → Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit → Blocks the transpeptidation and translocation steps → Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.

Depending on the concentration of the drug at the infection site and the specific susceptibility of the targeted organism, lincomycin can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal.

Note: Complete cross-resistance occurs between lincomycin and clindamycin, and partial cross-resistance occurs with macrolides like erythromycin due to overlapping ribosomal binding sites.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Rabbits
  • Hamsters
  • Guinea pigs
  • Horses
  • Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)
  • Patients with known hypersensitivity to lincosamides
  • Patients with preexisting monilial (yeast) infections
  • Neonatal animals (relative contraindication due to gut flora effects)
  • Rapid intravenous administration
  • Use with caution in patients with severe liver disease

有害事象

  • Gastroenteritis (emesis, loose stools, bloody diarrhea in dogs)
  • Pain and inflammation at IM injection sites
  • Hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest (if administered rapidly IV)
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances in swine
  • Diarrhea in nursing neonates (drug distributes into milk)
  • Diarrhoea (potentially haemorrhagic)
  • Colitis
  • Hepatotoxicity (in patients with pre-existing liver disease)
  • Cardiac depression (if given rapidly IV)
  • Peripheral neuromuscular blockade (if given rapidly IV)

注意事項

Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction; consider reducing the dosage in severe cases as half-lives can be significantly prolonged.

Intravenous Administration: Must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion to prevent severe hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest.

Species Warnings: Never administer to horses, ruminants, or small herbivores (rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters) as it can cause fatal dysbiosis and enterocolitis.

医薬品相互作用

Cyclosporine

Lincomycin may reduce systemic levels of cyclosporine.

Erythromycin

In vitro antagonism occurs due to competing ribosomal binding sites; concomitant use should be avoided.

KaolinModerate

Reduces the absorption of oral lincomycin by up to 90%. If both are necessary, separate doses by at least 2 hours.

Neuromuscular blocking agents (e.g., pancuronium)

Lincomycin possesses intrinsic neuromuscular blocking activity and may enhance the effects of these agents; use cautiously.

Neuromuscular blocking agentsMajor

Enhanced neuromuscular blockade action

ChloramphenicolMajor

Antagonistic antimicrobial action (competes for 50S ribosomal binding site)

MacrolidesMajor

Antagonistic antimicrobial action (competes for 50S ribosomal binding site)

監視

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
  • Adverse effects, particularly severe or bloody diarrhea
  • Liver function tests (AST, ALT, Alk. Phosph.) may show slight, usually clinically insignificant, increases
  • Fecal consistency (monitor for diarrhoea or haemorrhagic stool)
  • Liver enzymes (in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment)

薬物動態

半減期

猫3-4 hours犬3-4 hours

吸収

Rapidly but incompletely absorbed from the gut (only about 30-40% of total dose). Food decreases both the extent and rate of absorption. Peak serum levels are attained 2-4 hours post-oral dosing, and about 30 minutes post-IM injection (IM peaks are double oral peaks).

分布

Distributes widely into most tissues including bone, synovial fluid, bile, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, skin, and heart muscle. CNS levels may reach 40% of serum levels if meninges are inflamed. Protein binding is 57-72%. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk at concentrations equal to plasma.

代謝

Partially metabolized in the liver.

消失

Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine, feces, and bile. Half-lives can be prolonged in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.

過剰投与

There is limited information regarding acute overdoses. Lincomycin appears to have a wide margin of safety in dogs. Oral doses up to 300 mg/kg/day for up to one year, or parenteral doses of 60 mg/kg/day, did not result in apparent toxicity. If a massive overdose occurs, standard supportive care and gastrointestinal decontamination (if oral and recent) should be considered.

製品

製剤

  • Oral tablets
  • Oral solution (drops)
  • Sterile injection
  • Soluble powder/feed additive
  • Injectable: 100 mg/ml solution
  • Oral: powder for solution

動物用医薬品

  • Lincomycin Oral Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg (Lincocin)
  • Lincomycin Oral Solution: 50 mg/mL in 20 mL dropper bottles (Lincocin Aquadrops)
  • Lincomycin Sterile Injection: 100 mg/mL in 20 mL vials (Lincocin)
  • Lincomycin Sterile Injection (Swine): 25 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL & 300 mg/mL in 100 mL vials (Lincocin Sterile Solution, Lincomix Injectable)
  • Various combination feed/water additive products for swine and poultry
  • Lincocin 100 mg/ml injection
  • Lincoject 100 mg/ml injection
  • Lincocin powder for oral solution

ヒト用医薬品

  • Lincomycin Injection: 300 mg/mL in 2 mL & 10 mL vials (Lincocin)

規制ステータス

European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats pigs

POM-V classification

United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats pigs

POM-V classification

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Capsules, tablets, and soluble powder should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C) in tight containers. Injectable products should be stored at room temperature; avoid freezing. Physically compatible for at least 24 hours in various IV fluids (D5W, 0.9% NaCl, Ringer's). Incompatible with ampicillin sodium, carbenicillin disodium, methicillin sodium, and phenytoin sodium.

飼主向け情報

  • ​投与方法​: 獣医師の指示通りに正確に投与してください。食事は薬の吸収を低下させる可能性がありますが、ペットに軽度の胃腸障害が見られる場合は、少量のおやつや食事と一緒に与えることで症状が和らぐことがあります。
  • ​コースの完了​: ペットの症状が良くなったように見えても、途中で投薬を中止しないでください。耐性菌の発生につながる恐れがあります。
  • ​副作用​: ​重度で長引く下痢、血便​、嘔吐、または食欲不振に気づいた場合は、直ちに獣医師に連絡してください。
  • ​授乳中のペット​: ペットが妊娠中または授乳中の場合は獣医師に知らせてください。この薬は母乳に移行し、授乳中の子犬や子猫に下痢を引き起こす可能性があります。
  • ​他の薬との併用​: カオリンを含む市販の下痢止め薬は、この薬の投与から2時間以内は与えないでください。抗生物質の吸収が妨げられます。

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