ミノサイクリン
Minocycline
Minocycline Hydrochloride
別名: Minocin · Dynacin · Solodyn · Myrac · Arestin · Aknemin · minocyclini hydrochloridum · Asolmicina · Cyclimycin · Cyclomin · Dermirex · Meibi · Minogal · Minox · Minocyclinum
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
監査済み v13 用量エビデンス
構造化された用量計算エビデンスLyme borreliosis (extra-label)
認証済み獣医師の確認が必要
- q12-24h
NA
必ず考慮する臨床コンテキスト (6)
- NOTE: No clinical studies using IV minocycline were located.
- Considering minocycline’s bioavailability, use of IV dosages at the lower end of the oral range appears to be reasonable. Doses administered IV should be given over at least 10 minutes. 33,34 Immediate-release formulations are used for oral dosages.
- Considering minocycline’s bioavailability, use of IV dosages at the lower end of the oral range appears to be reasonable. Doses administered IV should be given over at least 10 minutes. 33,34 Immediate-release formulations are used for oral dosages.
- Store oral preparations at room temperature in tight containers. Do not freeze oral suspensions. The injectable should be stored at room temperature ( 20°C-25°C [68°F-77°F]) and protected from light, moisture, and excessive heat. After reconstitution with sterile water for injection, solutions with a concentration of 20 mg/mL are stable for 4 hours at room temperature or for 24 hours if refrigerated.
- ■ Oral minocycline works best when given without food. If your animal vomits or acts sick after receiving the medicine on an empty stomach, try giving the next dose with a small amount of food or a treat.
- ■ Do not give antacids, including sucralfate, oral iron, and antidiarrheal medicine, within 2 hours before or after giving minocycline.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
ミノサイクリンは、高脂溶性の第2世代テトラサイクリン系抗生物質です。血液脳関門を通過し前立腺に移行するなど、優れた組織移行性を持つことで知られています。
- 臨床用途： ブルセラ症、ライム病、ヘモプラズマ症、非定型抗酸菌感染症、および耐性院内感染症。
- 利点： 古い水溶性のテトラサイクリン系と比較して、骨や歯の異常を引き起こす可能性が低いです。中等度の腎機能低下がある患者にも用量調整なしで安全に使用できます。
- その他の特性： 抗菌作用に加えて、抗炎症作用および神経保護作用（マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼの阻害など）を示し、血管肉腫などの補助療法として研究されていますが、初期の結果は期待外れでした。
作用機序
Minocycline is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that exhibits time-dependent (AUC/MIC) inhibition of bacterial growth.
- Primary Mechanism: Reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms → blocks the binding of aminoacyl transfer-RNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
- Secondary Mechanism: Reversibly binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit → alters cytoplasmic membrane permeability, leading to leakage of intracellular components.
- Mammalian Effects: At very high concentrations, it can inhibit mammalian protein synthesis. It also inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and apoptosis, contributing to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
- Pregnant or nursing animals
- Animals less than 6 months old (relative contraindication)
- Pregnancy
- Young, developing animals
有害事象
- Nausea and vomiting (most common)
- Dental or bone staining (if exposed in utero or early life)
- Increases in hepatic enzymes (rare)
- Ototoxicity (rare)
- Urticaria, shivering, hypotension, dyspnea, cardiac arrhythmias, and shock (if given rapidly IV)
- Superinfections (overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi)
- Photosensitivity (reported in humans)
- Hepatotoxicity or blood dyscrasias (rare, reported in humans)
- CNS effects like dizziness/lightheadedness (reported in humans)
- Blue-gray pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes (reported in humans)
- Diarrhoea
- Bone and teeth abnormalities (in developing animals)
- Oesophageal erosions (especially in cats if dry-pilled)
注意事項
Intravenous Administration: Give IV injections slowly. Rapid IV injection in dogs has caused urticaria, shivering, hypotension, dyspnea, arrhythmias, and shock.
- Renal Impairment: Can be used in moderate renal insufficiency without dosage adjustment, but oliguric renal failure may require adjustment.
- Pregnancy/Nursing: Avoid use during pregnancy unless benefits outweigh fetal risks (can retard fetal skeletal development and discolor deciduous teeth). Avoid during nursing as it is excreted in milk.
- Laboratory Interference: Can cause false-positive urine glucose results (cupric sulfate method) or false-negative results (glucose oxidase method).
医薬品相互作用
Can chelate divalent or trivalent cations, decreasing absorption of the tetracycline. Give at least 12 hours before or after the cation-containing product.
May reduce minocycline absorption.
Decreased tetracycline absorption. Give iron salts 3 hours before or 2 hours after the tetracycline dose.
May increase the risk for nervous system effects when used concurrently.
Bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal activity of these antibiotics (clinical significance is controversial).
Tetracyclines may depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage adjustment may be needed.
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Increased metabolism of minocycline, decreasing plasma levels
Increased metabolism of minocycline, decreasing plasma levels
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Adverse effects (GI upset, signs of hypersensitivity)
- Renal function (if used concurrently with nephrotoxic drugs like gentamicin)
- Gastrointestinal signs
- Hepatic function (in patients with pre-existing liver disease)
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Well absorbed after oral administration regardless of the presence of food.
分布
Highly lipid soluble and distributed widely throughout the body. Therapeutic levels can be found in the CSF (whether meninges are inflamed or not), prostate, saliva, and eye.
代謝
Extensively metabolized in the liver.
消失
Primarily excreted as inactive metabolites in the feces and urine. Less than 20% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
過剰投与
Oral overdoses are most likely associated with GI disturbances (vomiting, anorexia, and/or diarrhea).
- Treatment: Although less vulnerable to chelation than other tetracyclines, oral administration of divalent or trivalent cation antacids may bind some of the drug and reduce GI distress.
- Supportive Care: Should the patient develop severe emesis or diarrhea, monitor fluids and electrolytes and replace if necessary.
製品
製剤
- Oral tablets
- Pellet-filled oral capsules
- Oral suspension
- Powder for injection
- Powdered microspheres (dental)
- 50 mg capsules
- 100 mg capsules
- 50 mg tablets
- 100 mg tablets
ヒト用医薬品
- Minocycline HCl Oral Tablets: 50 mg, 75 mg & 100 mg
- Minocycline HCl Extended-Release Tablets: 45 mg, 65 mg, 90 mg, 115 mg & 135 mg (Dynacin, Myrac, Solodyn)
- Minocycline HCl Oral Capsules: 50 mg, 75 mg & 100 mg (Dynacin)
- Minocycline HCl Pellet-filled Oral Capsules: 50 mg & 100 mg (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Oral Suspension: 50 mg/5 mL (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Powder for Injection: 100 mg vials (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Powdered Microspheres, dental: 1 mg (Arestin)
- Aknemin 50 mg, 100 mg capsules/tablets
- Minocin 50 mg, 100 mg capsules/tablets
規制ステータス
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store oral preparations at room temperature in tight containers. Do not freeze the oral suspension. Store injectable at room temperature and protect from light. After reconstituting with sterile water for injection, 20 mg/mL solutions are stable for 24 hours at room temperature. Do not add calcium-containing IV fluids (like Ringer's) as precipitation could result.
飼主向け情報
重要： ペットが完全に元気になったように見えても、獣医師が推奨する期間は処方通りに投薬を続けてください。早期に投薬を中止すると、耐性菌の発生につながる恐れがあります。
- 投与方法： 食事の有無にかかわらず投与できます。胃腸の不調（吐き気や嘔吐）を引き起こす場合は、少量の食事と一緒に与えることで症状が和らぐことがよくあります。
- 乳製品： 古いテトラサイクリン系とは異なり、牛乳やその他の乳製品はミノサイクリンの吸収量に大きな影響を与えません。
- 副作用： 嘔吐、下痢、食欲不振に注意してください。これらの症状が重度または持続する場合は、獣医師に連絡してください。
- 保管方法： 経口薬は室温で密閉容器に保管してください。経口懸濁液は冷凍しないでください。
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