モンテルカストナトリウム
Montelukast Sodium
Cyclopropaneacetic acid derivative leukotriene inhibitor
別名: Singulair · MK-476 · L-706631 · montelukastum
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feline asthma | 0.5-1 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of the chronic 'snuffler' | 0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | 0.5-1 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of feline heartworm | 2 mg total dose (PO) once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Feline asthma: Anecdotal reports of efficacy; more conclusive evidence is needed before regular use.
- Adjunctive treatment of the chronic 'snuffler': i.e., 1/8th of a 10 mg Singulair tablet.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): For mild cases involving eosinophils and lymphocytes. May be used in combination with other drugs.
- Adjunctive treatment of feline heartworm: Anecdotal evidence suggests it may help thwart acute, fatal lung injury when an adult worm dies.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
モンテルカストナトリウムはロイコトリエン受容体拮抗薬です。獣医療では主に猫の以下の炎症性疾患に対する適応外使用として用いられます:
- 猫喘息
- 炎症性腸疾患(IBD)
- 慢性上気道感染症
- 犬糸状虫随伴性呼吸器疾患(HARD)
臨床のポイント: 炎症性メディエーターを阻害するため猫喘息に理論上は有効ですが、臨床的な有効性は期待外れであることが多く、通常は第一選択薬ではなく二次または三次の補助療法として考慮されます。再発性気道閉塞(RAO)の馬を対象とした小規模試験でも有効性は示されませんでした。ヒトではアレルギー性鼻炎および喘息の治療薬としてFDAに承認されています。
作用機序
Montelukast acts as a highly selective and competitive cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1) antagonist.
- Arachidonic acid → 5-lipoxygenase pathway → Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4).
- These leukotrienes are potent inflammatory mediators released by mast cells and eosinophils.
- By blocking the CysLT1 receptor in the airways and gastrointestinal tract, montelukast prevents leukotriene-mediated bronchoconstriction, mucosal edema, vascular permeability, and eosinophil recruitment.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to montelukast or any component of the product
- Not for use in reversing acute bronchospasm (asthma attacks)
有害事象
- No significant adverse effects reported in cats to date
- Humans (rare): behavioral effects (aggression, suicidal thoughts), palpitations, cholestatic hepatitis, allergic granulomatous angiitis
注意事項
Warnings and Precautions:
- Not a rescue medication: Do not use to attempt to reverse acute bronchospasm or acute asthma attacks.
- Pregnancy/Nursing: Appears safe to use during pregnancy (FDA Category B in humans). Likely safe to use during nursing, though it is excreted in milk.
- Hepatic metabolism: Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment, as the drug is extensively metabolized in the liver.
医薬品相互作用
CYP-450 enzyme inducer; may reduce montelukast plasma concentrations and efficacy.
CYP-450 enzyme inducer; may reduce montelukast plasma concentrations and efficacy.
Severe peripheral edema has been reported in a human receiving both drugs, presumably due to increased renal tubular sodium and fluid retention. Clinical significance in veterinary patients is unclear.
監視
- Clinical efficacy (improvement in respiratory or GI signs)
薬物動態
吸収
No feline data available. In humans: Oral bioavailability is 64%; peak levels occur 3-4 hours after dosing. Presence of food does not affect bioavailability.
分布
In humans: Highly bound (99+%) to plasma proteins.
代謝
In humans: Extensively metabolized in the liver via cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP3A4, CYP2A6, and CYP2C9.
消失
In humans: Metabolites are excreted primarily in the bile and eliminated in the feces.
過剰投与
Overdose Toxicity: Montelukast is relatively safe in overdose situations.
- Animal Data: Rats and mice survived oral doses of approximately 230X to 335X the usual human adult dose.
- Human Data: Doses as high as 1,000 mg have been reported with the majority having no adverse effects.
- Clinical Signs (if present): Headache, vomiting, psychomotor hyperactivity, thirst, somnolence, mydriasis, hyperkinesia, and abdominal pain.
- Treatment: Basically supportive. No specific antidote is known.
製品
製剤
- Oral tablets
- Chewable tablets
- Oral granules
ヒト用医薬品
- Montelukast Sodium Oral Tablets: 10 mg
- Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets: 4 mg, 5 mg
- Montelukast Sodium Oral Granules: 4 mg/packet
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store tablets or granules at room temperature; excursions are permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Protect from moisture and light.
飼主向け情報
- 投与方法: 食事の有無にかかわらず投与できます。
- 救急薬ではありません: この薬は長期的な維持療法用であり、喘息の急性発作や重度の呼吸困難の即時治療には使用できません。
- 観察と報告: 動物での使用実績はまだ少ない薬です。ペットの様子を注意深く観察し、異常な反応(行動の変化や胃腸の不調など)が見られた場合は、すぐに獣医師に報告してください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。
