酒石酸モランテル
**酒石酸モランテル**は、主に反芻動物（牛、羊、ヤギ）の成熟した消化管内線虫の駆除に使用されるテトラヒドロピリミジン系駆虫薬です。 * **主な対象**：捻転胃虫 (*Haemonchus spp.*)、オステルターグ胃虫 (*Ostertagia spp.*)、毛様線虫 (*Trichostrongylus spp.*)、細頸線虫 (*Nematodirus spp.*)、クーペリア (*Cooperia spp.*)、および放射腸結節虫 (*Oesophagostomum radiatum*) の成虫。 * **臨床のポイント**：ピランテルと密接に関連していますが、モランテルは反芻動物用に特別に処方されています。安全域が非常に広く、妊娠中の動物にも一般的に安全に使用できます。
作用機序: Morantel acts as a **depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent** in susceptible parasites. * **Nicotinic Agonist**: It possesses nicotine-like properties, mimicking **acetylcholine** at the parasite's neuromuscular junction → continuous depolarization → spastic paralysis of the worm → expulsion from the host's GI tract. * **Enzyme Inhibition**: It also inhibits **fumarate reductase** in *Haemonchus spp.*, disrupting the parasite's energy metabolism. > **Note**: Morantel has a slower onset of action compared to pyrantel but is approximately 100 times more potent.
動物種別の用量
- Susceptible parasites · 10 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
- Susceptible parasites · 0.44 grams morantel tartrate per 100 lb. body weight · PO · Single dose · As a single therapeutic treatment. Conditions of constant worm exposure may require retreatment in 2-4 weeks.
- Susceptible parasites · 10 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
- Susceptible parasites · 9.68 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
- Susceptible parasites · 0.44 grams of morantel tartrate per 100 lbs of body weight · PO · Single dose · Feed at the rate of 10 lbs of premix per ton of food per 100 lbs of body weight.
- Susceptible parasites · 8.8 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- No absolute contraindications
有害事象
- Increased respiratory rates (at high doses)
- Profuse sweating (at high doses)
- Ataxia (at high doses)
- Cholinergic effects (at high doses)
薬物相互作用
- Bentonite · Do not add to feeds containing bentonite.
- Levamisole · Similar mechanism of action and toxicity; not recommended for concurrent use.
- Pyrantel · Similar mechanism of action and toxicity; not recommended for concurrent use.
- Organophosphates · Observation for adverse effects should be intensified if used concomitantly.
- Diethylcarbamazine · Observation for adverse effects should be intensified if used concomitantly.
- Piperazine · Has antagonistic mechanism of action; do not use with morantel.
モニタリング
- Efficacy of parasite clearance (e.g., fecal egg counts)
- Signs of cholinergic toxicity (only if massive overdose is suspected)
過量投与
Morantel tartrate has a **large safety margin**. * **Cattle**: Dosages of up to 200 mg/kg (20 times recommended dose) resulted in no toxic reactions. Cattle receiving 2.5 times recommended dose for 2 weeks showed no toxic signs. * **Sheep**: Doses of 4 times recommended were given with no detectable deleterious effects. * **Mice**: The LD50 is 5 grams/kg. **Clinical signs of toxicity** (if they occur) may include: * Increased respiratory rates * Profuse sweating (in species with sweat glands) * Ataxia * Other cholinergic effects
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。