ブチルスコポラミン臭化物
ブチルスコポラミン臭化物は、主に馬の医療で使用される強力な注射用**抗コリン薬**および**鎮痙薬**です。 * **主な臨床用途**: 馬の痙攣性疝痛、風気疝、および単純な便秘に関連する腹痛の迅速な緩和。直腸検査や結腸鏡検査の補助としても使用されます。 * **臨床のポイント**: **第四級アンモニウム化合物**であるため、極性が高く血液脳関門を容易に通過しません。これにより、アトロピンのような中枢神経系の副作用（興奮や重度の鎮静など）を伴わずに、消化管や尿路に対して優れた末梢性鎮痙効果を発揮します。 * 作用時間はアトロピンよりもはるかに短く、長時間の腸管麻痺が望ましくない短時間の処置に最適です。
作用機序: N-butylscopolammonium bromide acts as a **competitive antagonist** at **muscarinic acetylcholine receptors** located on smooth muscle cells. * **Mechanism**: Blocks acetylcholine binding → prevents intracellular calcium release → induces profound relaxation of gastrointestinal and urinary smooth muscle. * **Pathway**: Parasympathetic inhibition → decreased GI peristalsis and reduced rectal pressure. * **Duration**: Visceral antinociceptive and spasmolytic effects are brief, typically lasting 15-20 minutes in horses.
動物種別の用量
- Control of abdominal pain (colic) associated with spasmodic colic, flatulent colic, and simple impactions · 0.3 mg/kg (30 mg or 1.5 mL per 100 kg of body weight) · slow IV · one time
- To treat esophageal obstruction · 0.3 mg/kg · IV · once · Administer with oxytocin (0.11-0.22 Units/kg IV once). Oxytocin use should be avoided in mares, or dose significantly reduced. Do not use in pregnant mares.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Impaction colics associated with ileus
- Glaucoma
- Horses intended for food purposes
- Nursing foals
- Pregnant or lactating mares
有害事象
- Transient tachycardia
- Decreased borborygmal sounds
- Transient pupil dilation
- Decreased secretions
- Dry mucous membranes
薬物相互作用
- ATROPINE or other anticholinergic agents · May cause additive effects if used with N-butylscopolammonium
- METOCLOPRAMIDE and other drugs that have cholinergic-like actions on the GI tract · These drugs and N-butylscopolammonium may counteract one another's actions on GI smooth muscle
モニタリング
- Heart rate (Note: heart rate cannot be used as indicator for pain for the first 30 minutes after administration)
- GI motility via gut sounds and feces output
過量投与
Dosages up to 10X (3 mg/kg) were administered to horses as part of preapproval studies. Clinical effects noted included dilated pupils (returned to normal in 4-24 hours), tachycardia (returned to normal within 4 hours) and dry mucous membranes (returned to normal in 1-2 hours). Gut motility was inhibited, but returned to baseline within 4 hours and normal feces were seen within 6 hours. Two of the four horses treated at 10X dosage developed mild signs of colic which resolved without further treatment.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。