ニテンピラム
ニテンピラムは、犬や猫の成ノミを迅速に駆除するために主に使用される、即効性・全身性の経口ネオニコチノイド系殺虫剤です。 **臨床上のポイント:** * 非常に早く効果が現れます（ノミは30分以内に宿主から落ち始めます）が、残効性はありません（効果の持続時間はわずか24〜48時間です）。 * ノミの卵、幼虫、未成熟な形態は殺さないため、急性のノミ寄生には非常に有効ですが、総合的なノミ対策には昆虫成長制御剤（IGR）や持続性殺虫剤との併用が必要です。 * 適応外使用として、爬虫類などのハエウジ症（マゴット）の治療にも用いられます。
作用機序: Nitenpyram acts as an agonist at **insect-specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)**. * Ingestion by flea via blood meal → Binds to **alpha-4-beta-2 nicotinic receptors** on postsynaptic membranes → Blocks acetylcholine-mediated neuronal transmission → Continuous nerve firing → **Spastic paralysis and rapid death** of the insect. * It is highly selective (3500 times more selective for insect receptors than vertebrate receptors) and does *not* inhibit acetylcholinesterase, contributing to its exceptionally high safety margin in mammals.
動物種別の用量
- Flea adulticide (2-25 lb / 0.9-11.36 kg) · Give one 11.4 mg tablet PO. May be given as often as once per day. · PO · q24h · May be given with or without food.
- Flea infestation · 1 mg/kg (minimum) · PO · prn (can be given daily if needed) · As needed · 11.4 mg tablet for cats 1-11 kg
- Maggots · crush one 11.4 mg tablet into powder and give PO, as an enema, or on wound one time. · PO/Rectal/Topical · one time · 1 dose
- Flea adulticide (2-25 lb / 0.9-11.36 kg) · Give one 11.4 mg tablet PO. May be given as often as once per day. · PO · q24h · May be given with or without food.
- Flea adulticide (25-125 lb / 11.36-56.8 kg) · Give one 57 mg tablet PO. May be given as often as once per day. · PO · q24h · May be given with or without food.
- Flea infestation · 1 mg/kg (minimum) · PO · prn (can be given daily if needed) · As needed · 11.4 mg tablet for dogs 1-11 kg; 57 mg tablet for dogs >11 kg
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Animals under 2 pounds of body weight
- Animals under 4 weeks of age
- Animals weighing less than 1 kg
有害事象
- Transient pruritus (scratching) due to dying fleas
- Transient pruritus (scratching/itching) as fleas die
- Vomiting (rare)
- Lethargy (rare)
- Panting or vocalization (rare, secondary to flea death)
モニタリング
- Efficacy (flea knockdown)
- Resolution of flea infestation
- Adverse reactions (excessive scratching, vomiting)
過量投与
Nitenpyram is relatively safe in high dosages to mammals. * The oral LD50 in rats is approximately 1.6 grams/kg. * Cats or dogs given 10 times the usual dose for 14 days showed no untoward effects. * In the circumstance of a massive overdose, contact an animal poison control center for additional guidance.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。