オクラシチニブ
Oclacitinib
Oclacitinib maleate
別名: Apoquel · PF-03394197
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
監査済み v13 用量エビデンス
構造化された用量計算エビデンスFeline atopic skin syndrome (FASS, formerly nonflea-, nonfood-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis [NFNFIHD]) (extra-label)
- q12-24h
NA
必ず考慮する臨床コンテキスト (2)
- ■ Oclacitinib may be administered with or without food. If your animal vomits or acts sick after a dose, try administering the medicine with some food. If there is no improvement, discontinue the medication and contact your veterinarian.
- Store tablets at room temperature (20°C-25°C [68°F-77°F]). Excursions are allowed between 15°C-40°C (59°F-104°F).
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
オクラシチニブは、主に犬のアレルギー性皮膚炎に関連するそう痒(かゆみ)の管理やアトピー性皮膚炎のコントロールに使用される、分子標的免疫調節薬および止痒薬です。
臨床上の警告: オクラシチニブは免疫系を調節するため、感染症(毛包虫症、膿皮症など)への感受性を高めたり、既存の腫瘍性疾患を悪化させる可能性があります。重篤な感染症のリスクが高まるため、12ヶ月齢未満の犬への使用は禁忌です。
臨床のポイント: オクラシチニブはかゆみを迅速に緩和し、多くの場合コルチコステロイドと同等の速さ(4〜24時間以内)で効果を発揮しますが、糖質コルチコイドに特有の多飲多尿や長期的な代謝性副作用を伴いません。
作用機序
Oclacitinib is a targeted enzyme inhibitor that specifically inhibits Janus-kinases (JAK), with a pronounced selectivity for JAK1 and, to a lesser extent, JAK3.
By blocking these enzymes, oclacitinib prevents the signal transduction of a variety of cytokines dependent on JAK1/JAK3 pathways. Most notably, it inhibits Interleukin-31 (IL-31), a key pruritogenic (itch-inducing) cytokine in dogs.
Pathway: Cytokine binds to receptor → JAK1/JAK3 activation is blocked → STAT proteins are not phosphorylated → Pro-inflammatory and pruritogenic gene transcription is halted.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Dogs less than 12 months of age
- Dogs weighing less than 3 kg
- Dogs with severe systemic infections
- Breeding, pregnant, or lactating dogs
- Dogs with evidence of immune suppression (e.g., hyperadrenocorticism)
- Dogs with a history of progressive malignant neoplasia
有害事象
- Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
- Lethargy
- Increased susceptibility to infections (e.g., pyoderma, otitis, demodicosis, pneumonia)
- Transient decreases in leukocytes and serum globulins
- Potential exacerbation of neoplastic conditions
- Histiocytomas or papillomas (benign skin masses)
注意事項
Use with caution in dogs with a history of recurrent infections or neoplasia. Routine monitoring for the development of infections (skin, ears, systemic) and abnormal growths is essential.
Note: Oclacitinib is not approved for use in cats, and its safety and efficacy profile in felines is not fully established, though it is sometimes used off-label by dermatologists.
医薬品相互作用
Increased risk of immunosuppression and secondary infections.
Increased risk of profound immunosuppression.
Potential for decreased vaccine efficacy or vaccine-induced illness due to immunomodulation.
監視
- Baseline CBC, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis
- Periodic bloodwork (e.g., every 6-12 months) for dogs on long-term therapy
- Monitor for new or worsening skin, ear, or systemic infections
- Monitor for the development of cutaneous or systemic neoplastic lesions
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Rapidly and well absorbed following oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations (Tmax) are reached in approximately 1 hour. Absolute bioavailability is high (approx. 89%).
分布
Low plasma protein binding (approx. 66%). Volume of distribution is roughly 0.9 L/kg.
代謝
Metabolized extensively in the liver by multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes.
消失
Clearance is primarily via hepatic metabolism, with metabolites excreted in urine and feces.
過剰投与
Overdoses up to 3-5 times the therapeutic dose are generally well tolerated but may increase the frequency and severity of expected side effects, particularly gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea), lethargy, and localized alopecia or skin thickening. Chronic massive overdose increases the risk of severe immunosuppression and secondary infections. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic, as there is no specific antidote.
製品
製剤
- 3.6 mg oral tablet
- 5.4 mg oral tablet
- 16 mg oral tablet
動物用医薬品
- Apoquel 3.6 mg film-coated tablets
- Apoquel 5.4 mg film-coated tablets
- Apoquel 16 mg film-coated tablets
- Apoquel chewable tablets (various strengths)
規制ステータス
Approved for dogs 12 months of age and older.
Classified as POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinary).
Classified as POM-V.
規制データなし: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store at controlled room temperature between 20°C and 25°C (68°F - 77°F). Keep in the original packaging to protect from moisture and light. Half-tablets should be placed back in the blister pack and used within 3 days.
飼主向け情報
アポキル(オクラシチニブ)は、愛犬のかゆみを止め、皮膚の炎症を抑えるための即効性のあるお薬です。
- 投薬方法: 食事と一緒でも、空腹時でも与えることができます。もし嘔吐してしまう場合は、少量の食事と一緒に与えてみてください。
- 注意すべきこと: 嘔吐、下痢、または元気消失がないか観察してください。この薬は免疫系の反応を変化させるため、新たな感染症の兆候(外耳炎、皮膚のぶつぶつ、咳など)がないか注意深く観察し、見られた場合は獣医師に報告してください。
- しこりやイボ: 愛犬の皮膚に新しいしこりやイボができていないか定期的にチェックし、次回の診察時に獣医師に伝えてください。
- 使用できない場合: 1歳未満の子犬、または妊娠中・授乳中の母犬には使用しないでください。
- 取り扱い: 錠剤を触った後は手を洗ってください。
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