ピペラジン
Piperazine
Diethylenediamine
別名: Pipa-Tabs · Wazine · WormEze · D-Worm · Tasty Paste · Various AVM-GSL products · Diethylendiamin · Dispermin · Hexahydropropyrazin · Piperazinum · Piperazina
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of ascarids | 45-65 mg of base/kg PO; for pups less than 2.5 kg: 150 mg maximum | PO | once | Retreat in 2-3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 110 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in 21 days | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 100 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in 3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 20-30 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of ascarids: Larval stages in tissues are not affected, necessitating retreatment
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of ascarids | 45-65 mg of base/kg PO; 150 mg maximum | PO | once | Retreat in 2-3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 110 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in 21 days | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 100 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in 3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 20-30 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of ascarids: Larval stages in tissues are not affected, necessitating retreatment
小型哺乳類
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinworms (Mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, and rabbits) | Piperazine citrate in drinking water at 3 grams/liter | PO | continuous | 2 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Pinworms (Rabbits) | 100 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pinworms (Rabbits) | Adults: 200-500 mg/kg PO q24h. Young rabbits: 750 mg/kg, PO once daily | PO | q24h | 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pinworms/tapeworms (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas) | 2-5 mg/mL drinking water | PO | continuous | 7 days, off 7 days and repeat | 🌎 NA |
- Pinworms (Rabbits): Piperazine citrate. Wash the perianal area.
- Pinworms (Rabbits): Piperazine adipate. Wash the perianal area.
- Pinworms/tapeworms (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas): Piperazine citrate
鳥
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascarids in poultry | 100-500 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | Repeat in 10-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Nematodes in raptors | 100 mg/kg | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Nematodes in parakeets and canaries | 0.5 mg/gram | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ascaridia galli in poultry | 32 mg/kg (as base) (approximately 0.3 grams for each adult) | PO | once | Given in each of 2 successive feedings or for 2 days in drinking water | 🌎 NA |
- Ascarids in poultry: Not effective in psittacines
- Nematodes in raptors: Piperazine citrate
- Nematodes in parakeets and canaries: Piperazine citrate
- Ascaridia galli in poultry: Citrate or adipate salts usually used in feed; hexahydrate in drinking water
爬虫類
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nematodes | 40-60 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in two weeks | 🌎 NA |
- Nematodes: Follow with a fecal examination 14 days after the second dose. If positive, give a third dose and continue cycle until cleared.
馬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of ascarids | 110 mg/kg (base) PO | PO | once | Repeat in 3-4 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 200 mg/kg, PO | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of ascarids: Retreating at 10-week intervals for P. equorum infections in young animals is recommended
- Treatment of ascarids: Maximum of 80 grams in adults, 60 grams in yearlings, and 30 grams in foals
豚
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum | 0.2-0.4% in the feed, or 0.1-0.2% in the drinking water | PO | once | Consume within 12 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum | 110 mg/kg (as base) | PO | once | Consume in 8-12 hours | 🌎 NA |
- Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum: Fasting or withholding water overnight may be beneficial. Retreat in 2 months. Safe in young animals and pregnancy.
- Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum: Citrate salt usually used in feed as a one-day treatment, and hexahydrate in drinking water.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
ピペラジンは、主に犬、猫、馬、豚、家禽の回虫感染症の治療に使用される狭域駆虫薬です。
- 胃腸炎を併発している動物や妊娠中の動物にも安全に使用できると考えられています。
- 臨床のポイント: ピペラジンは成虫の回虫にのみ有効であり、鉤虫、鞭虫、条虫には効果がないため、ピランテル、フェンベンダゾール、マクロライド系などの新しい広域駆虫薬の登場により、現代の獣医療での使用は大幅に減少しています。
- 様々な塩の形態（クエン酸塩、アジピン酸塩、リン酸塩、六水和物、二塩酸塩）で提供されており、それぞれ有効成分であるピペラジン塩基の含有量が異なります。
作用機序
Piperazine exerts a 'curare-like' effect on susceptible nematodes.
- It acts as a GABA receptor agonist and blocks acetylcholine at the myoneural junction of the parasite.
- This causes flaccid paralysis (narcotizing the worm), allowing the live, paralyzed worms to be passed out of the host's gastrointestinal tract with the feces.
- In ascarids, it also inhibits succinic acid production.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Chronic liver disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Gastrointestinal hypomotility
- Chronic renal failure
- Hepatic impairment
- Heavy worm burdens (relative contraindication due to risk of intestinal impaction)
有害事象
- Diarrhea
- Emesis
- Transient softening of feces (horses)
- Neurological signs at high doses (ataxia, tremors)
注意事項
Important: Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders.
Equine Warning: In horses with heavy infestations of Parascaris equorum, rupture or blockage of the intestines is possible due to the rapid death and detachment of a large worm burden.
- Laboratory Interference: Piperazine can affect uric acid blood levels (both falsely high and low values have been reported); interpret results cautiously.
医薬品相互作用
May precipitate seizures if used concomitantly (data conflicts, but caution is advised)
Not recommended; may eliminate piperazine from the GI tract before its full efficacy is established
Antagonistic modes of action (pyrantel causes spastic paralysis, piperazine causes flaccid paralysis); should not be used together
Antagonistic mechanism of action (Pyrantel causes spastic paralysis, Piperazine causes flaccid paralysis)
Antagonistic mechanism of action
監視
- Clinical and/or laboratory efficacy (fecal examinations)
- Adverse effects (neurological signs, GI upset)
- Fecal flotation (to confirm clearance of roundworms)
- Adverse neurological signs
薬物動態
吸収
Readily absorbed from the proximal sections of the gastrointestinal tract.
分布
Specific distribution kinetics on individual species were not located.
代謝
Metabolized by the kidneys.
消失
Excreted by the kidneys.
過剰投与
Piperazine generally has a wide margin of safety (oral LD50 of piperazine adipate in mice is 11.4 g/kg). However, acute massive overdosage can lead to paralysis and death.
Feline Toxicity: In cats, adverse effects occur within 24 hours after a toxic dose is ingested. Clinical signs include:
- Emesis, hypersalivation, dehydration
- Weakness, dyspnea, depression
- Muscular fasciculations of ears, whiskers, tail, and eyes
- Rear limb ataxia, head-pressing
- Positional nystagmus and slowed pupillary responses (Many of these effects may also be seen in dogs after toxic ingestions.)
Treatment:
- Symptomatic and supportive care.
- If ingestion was recent, use of activated charcoal and a cathartic is suggested.
- Intravenous fluid therapy.
- Keep the animal in a quiet, dark place.
- Recovery generally takes place within 3-4 days.
製品
製剤
- Oral liquid/suspension
- Oral paste
- Powder/granules for feed or drinking water
- Oral: 500 mg tablets
- Various oral liquids and powders
動物用医薬品
- Piperazine Dihydrochloride tablets equivalent to 50 mg or 250 mg base (Pipa-Tabs®)
- Alfalfa Pellet Horse Wormer
- Tasty Paste® Dog & Puppy Wormer
- Wonder Wormer™ for Horses
- D-Worm™ Liquid Wormer for Cats and Dogs
- Wazine®-17
- Wazine®-34
- Hartz® Advanced Care™ Liquid Wormer
- Sergeant's® Vetscription® Worm-Away®
- WormEze™ Canine & Feline Anthelmintic
- Various authorized proprietary products (AVM-GSL)
- 500 mg tablets
規制ステータス
Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, piperazine products should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C).
飼主向け情報
- 指示通りに投与してください: 獣医師に処方された量のみを投与し、過剰投与しないでください。
- 通常、再治療が必要です: この薬は腸内の成虫のみを殺し、組織内を移動する幼虫には効果がないため、通常、初回投与から2〜3週間後に2回目の投与が必要です。
- 副作用の観察: 嘔吐、下痢、重度の虚弱、筋肉のけいれん、歩行のふらつき（運動失調）などの重篤な副作用が見られた場合は、すぐに獣医師に連絡してください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。