プラジクアンテル
Praziquantel
Prazinoisoquinoline derivative
別名: Droncit · Drontal Plus · Profender · Quest Plus · Equimax · Zimecterin Gold · Virbantel · Panacur Plus · Biltricide · Milbemax · Broadline · Milpro · EMBAY-8440 · praziquantelum · Bio-Cest · Cercon · Cesol · Cestox · Cisticid · ComboCare · Cysticide · Ehliten · Extiser Q · Mycotricide · Opticide · Praquantel · Prasikon · Prazite · Prozitel · Sincerck · Teniken · Waycital · Zifartel · PZQ
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
監査済み v13 用量エビデンス
構造化された用量計算エビデンスPraziquantel as a single agent (extra-label) — Alaria spp
認証済み獣医師の確認が必要
代替スケジュール（いずれか一つ）
- once
- q24h · for 2 to 10 days
NA
必ず考慮する臨床コンテキスト (4)
- NOTE: For dosages of other combination products that contain praziquantel, see Emodepside/Praziquantel, Eprinomectin/ Praziquantel, Ivermectin, Lufenuron, Milbemycin Oxime, Moxidectin/Moxidectin Combination Products, and Pyrantel.
- Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label):
- ■ This medicine can be given with or without food. The tablets may be crushed or mixed with food. Your animal does not need to have food withheld prior to treatment.
- Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature (25°C Products [77°F]). Protect from light. Praziquantel injection should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) and not allowed to freeze. Vials of praziquantel injection should be used within 6 months of first vial puncture and discarded after a maximum number of punctures (10 mL vial, 25 times; 50 mL vial, 90 times).
Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label) — Adjunctive treatment of flukes (Nanophyetus salmincola) associated with Salmon poisoning
認証済み獣医師の確認が必要
- once
NA
必ず考慮する臨床コンテキスト (4)
- NOTE: For dosages of other combination products that contain praziquantel, see Emodepside/Praziquantel, Eprinomectin/ Praziquantel, Ivermectin, Lufenuron, Milbemycin Oxime, Moxidectin/Moxidectin Combination Products, and Pyrantel.
- Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label):
- ■ This medicine can be given with or without food. The tablets may be crushed or mixed with food. Your animal does not need to have food withheld prior to treatment.
- Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature (25°C Products [77°F]). Protect from light. Praziquantel injection should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) and not allowed to freeze. Vials of praziquantel injection should be used within 6 months of first vial puncture and discarded after a maximum number of punctures (10 mL vial, 25 times; 50 mL vial, 90 times).
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
プラジクアンテルは、獣医学で広く使用されている非常に効果的で広域スペクトルの抗条虫および抗吸虫駆虫薬です。
主な臨床的特徴は以下の通りです：
- 広域スペクトル： 犬および猫の主要な条虫種（瓜実条虫、テニア属、エキノコックス属など）に対して高い効果を示します。
- 吸虫に対する有効性： 様々な吸虫感染症（肺吸虫、肝吸虫など）の適応外治療にも使用されます。
- 高い安全性： 一般的に非常に安全ですが、注射剤は一過性の局所疼痛や軽度の全身症状を引き起こす可能性があります。
- 併用療法： 包括的な内部寄生虫駆除を提供するために、他の駆虫薬（ピランテル、フェバンテル、イベルメクチン、モキシデクチンなど）と頻繁に組み合わせて使用されます。
臨床のポイント： プラジクアンテルは寄生虫の体壁を破壊するため、虫体は通常宿主によって消化されます。したがって、治療成功後に糞便中に完全な条虫が観察されることはまれです。
作用機序
Praziquantel's exact mechanism is not fully elucidated, but it rapidly penetrates the parasite and alters the permeability of the cell membranes.
- Ion Flux Alteration: Interacts with phospholipids in the parasite's integument → induces rapid intracellular influx of calcium ions (Ca2+), as well as sodium and potassium fluxes.
- Spastic Paralysis: The sudden calcium influx causes severe, sustained contraction and spastic paralysis of the worm's musculature, impairing sucker function and dislodging the parasite.
- Tegumental Destruction: At higher concentrations, it causes irreversible focal vacuolization → subsequent disintegration of the cestodal integument. This exposes the parasite's internal antigens to the host's immune system and renders it susceptible to digestion by host enzymes.
- Trematodes: Directly kills the parasite via similar calcium-mediated focal vacuolization and subsequent phagocytosis.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Puppies less than 4 weeks old (for solo product)
- Kittens less than 6 weeks old (for solo product)
- Known hypersensitivity to praziquantel
- Unweaned puppies or kittens (unlikely to be affected by tapeworms at this age)
- Animals weighing < 1 kg (specifically for spot-on preparations)
有害事象
- Oral (uncommon, <5%): Anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, salivation (cats)
- Injectable (dogs): Pain at injection site, vomiting, drowsiness, staggering gait
- Injectable (cats): Diarrhea, weakness, vomiting, salivation, sleepiness, transient anorexia, pain at injection site
- Diarrhoea
- Transient hypersalivation (if spot-on application site is licked)
- Localized tissue sensitivity and pain at injection site (particularly in cats)
注意事項
Age Restrictions: The manufacturer recommends not using solo praziquantel in puppies < 4 weeks or kittens < 6 weeks. However, some combination products (e.g., with febantel) are FDA-approved for puppies and kittens of all ages. Pregnancy: Considered safe to use in pregnant dogs and cats (Papich Class A). Nursing: Appears in maternal milk at ~25% of maternal serum concentration, but is unlikely to pose harm to nursing offspring.
医薬品相互作用
Reportedly synergistic activity occurs in humans in the treatment of schistosomiasis; clinical implications in veterinary patients are unclear.
Can increase the area under the curve (AUC) of orally administered praziquantel by 150-200% in dogs.
Concurrent administration may significantly decrease serum praziquantel concentrations.
May decrease the metabolic clearance of praziquantel, increasing its serum levels.
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of parasite infection)
- Fecal examination for tapeworm proglottids or eggs to confirm efficacy of treatment
- Monitoring for resolution of clinical signs (e.g., scooting, visible segments in feces)
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after oral administration, but undergoes a significant first-pass effect. Peak serum levels are achieved between 30-120 minutes in dogs.
分布
Distributed widely throughout the body. It crosses the intestinal wall and penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the CNS.
代謝
Metabolized extensively in the liver via CYP3A enzymes to metabolites of unknown activity.
消失
Excreted primarily in the urine.
過剰投与
Praziquantel has a wide margin of safety.
- Rodents: Oral LD50 is at least 2 g/kg in rats and mice.
- Dogs: An oral LD50 could not be determined because doses >200 mg/kg induce vomiting. In ASPCA APCC reports, dogs exposed to overdoses showed no clinical signs.
- Cats: Parenteral doses of 50-100 mg/kg caused transient ataxia and depression. Injected doses at 200 mg/kg were lethal. In ASPCA APCC reports, a minority of exposed cats showed clinical signs.
Treatment: Overdoses are generally self-limiting (especially oral, due to vomiting). Provide supportive care if severe neurological or gastrointestinal signs occur.
製品
製剤
- Chewable tablets
- Injection (solution)
- Oral gel
- Oral paste
- Oral tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 125 mg, 144 mg, 150 mg, 175 mg
- Topical spot-on pipettes: 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, 75 mg, 96 mg
- Injectable solution (implied by adverse reactions profile)
動物用医薬品
- Praziquantel Tablets: 23 mg (feline); 34 mg (canine) (Droncit)
- Praziquantel Injection: 56.8 mg/mL in 10 mL and 50 mL vials (Droncit)
- Combination Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate (Drontal)
- Combination Chewable Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate (Virbantel)
- Combination Chewable Tablets: Fenbendazole/Ivermectin/Praziquantel (Panacur Plus Soft Chews)
- Combination Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate/febantel (Drontal Plus)
- Combination Oral Gel: Moxidectin 20 mg/mL / Praziquantel 125 mg/mL (Quest Plus, ComboCare)
- Combination Oral Paste: Ivermectin 1.87% / Praziquantel 14.03% (Equimax)
- Combination Oral Paste: Ivermectin 1.55% / Praziquantel 7.75% (Zimecterin Gold Paste)
- Drontal (combination)
- Milbemax (combination)
- Profender Spot-on (combination)
- Broadline Spot-on (combination)
- Milpro (combination)
- Cazitel
- Cestem
- Dolpac
- Endoguard
- Veloxa
ヒト用医薬品
- Praziquantel Oral Tablets (Film-coated): 600 mg (Biltricide)
- Biltricide 600 mg tablets
規制ステータス
Classification varies by formulation and combination (POM-V, NFA-VPS, AVM-GSL).
Available under POM-V, NFA-VPS, and AVM-GSL categories depending on the specific product and combination.
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature. Protect from light.
飼主向け情報
飼い主の皆様へ
- 投与方法： この薬は食事の有無にかかわらず投与できます。投与前の絶食は必要ありません。錠剤を砕いたり、少量の美味しい食べ物に混ぜたりして与えることもできます。
- 期待されること： 治療後にペットの便の中に死んだ虫が見られないのは完全に正常なことです。プラジクアンテルは条虫を崩壊させ、通常はペットの体内で消化されます。
- 再感染の予防： 通常、1回の投与で現在の感染を非常に効果的に排除できます。しかし、条虫（特に瓜実条虫）はノミによって媒介されます。ペットが再び条虫に感染するのを防ぐためには、厳密なノミ駆除が不可欠です。ペットが狩りをしたり、げっ歯類を食べたりする場合も、再感染のリスクがあります。
- 副作用： 経口投与による副作用はまれですが、時折、軽度の嘔吐、よだれ（特に猫）、無気力、または下痢が見られることがあります。注射で投与された場合、注射部位に一時的な痛みを感じることがあります。
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