プリマキン
Primaquine
Primaquine phosphate
別名: Generic (Sanofi Winthrop) · primachina · primachinum · primaquina · SN 13272
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesia felis | 0.5 mg (as base)/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 1-3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Babesia felis | 1 mg (total dose per cat) primaquine phosphate PO every 36 hours for 4 treatments, then 1 mg (total dose) per cat every 7 days for 4 treatments | PO | q36h then q7d | 4 treatments each | 🌎 NA |
| Babesia felis | Primaquine phosphate 1 mg/kg IM one time | IM | once | 1 time | 🌎 NA |
- Babesia felis: Dose is for primaquine base.
- Babesia felis: The drug does not sterilize the infection.
- Babesia felis: IM dosage form must be compounded.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
プリマキンは8-アミノキノリン系の抗原虫薬であり、獣医療においては主に猫のBabesia felis(バベシア・フェリス)感染症の第一選択薬として使用されます。
- 臨床上のポイント: 臨床症状の管理には極めて有効ですが、通常、寄生虫を完全に排除(感染の無菌化)することはできず、再発により反復治療が必要になる場合があります。
- 犬のHepatozoon canis(ヘパトゾーン)や鳥類のPlasmodium spp.(マラリア原虫)に対しても有用な可能性があります。
- 注意: 猫における治療指数(安全域)は非常に狭いため、用量には細心の注意が必要です。
作用機序
The exact antiprotozoal mechanism of action is not fully elucidated.
- It is believed to bind and alter protozoal DNA.
- Pharmacological Pearl: As an 8-aminoquinoline, it likely interferes with the parasite's mitochondrial function. It generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) → disrupts electron transport → causes severe cellular and oxidative damage to the protozoa.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to primaquine
- Concurrent use of bone marrow suppressant medications
- Patients susceptible to granulocytopenia (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
有害事象
- Vomiting (most common in cats)
- Nausea
- Myelosuppression
- Methemoglobinemia
- Hemolysis
注意事項
WARNING: Primaquine has an extremely narrow therapeutic index in cats.
- Dosing Confusion: Commercially available human tablets are usually too concentrated for domestic cats. A specialized compounding pharmacy is highly recommended. Prescribers must be explicitly clear whether the dose is based on primaquine base or primaquine phosphate (26.3 mg primaquine phosphate = 15 mg primaquine base).
- G-6-PD Deficiency: Contraindicated in humans (and theoretically animals) with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency due to severe risk of hemolytic anemia.
- Avoid use during pregnancy and lactation due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in fetuses/nursing neonates.
医薬品相互作用
May potentiate the toxicity of one another; use of primaquine within 3 months of quinacrine is not recommended.
Concurrent use may cause an increased risk for toxicity and severe myelosuppression.
Concurrent use may cause an increased risk for toxicity and hemolysis.
監視
- CBC (mandatory, monitor weekly while treating)
- Improved clinical signs (increased appetite and body weight)
- Improvement in anemia
薬物動態
吸収
No pharmacokinetic information located for small animals. In humans, it is rapidly absorbed with high (96%) systemic bioavailability.
分布
Extensively distributed (human data).
代謝
Rapidly metabolized in the liver to carboxyprimaquine. It is unknown if this metabolite possesses antiprotozoal activity.
消失
Elimination half-life is around 6 hours for primaquine; 24 hours for carboxyprimaquine (human data).
過剰投与
CRITICAL: In cats, dosages greater than 1 mg/kg can be lethal.
- Management: Overdoses should initially be handled aggressively using standardized protocols for removal of the drug from the gut (emesis, activated charcoal) to prevent absorption.
- Provide intensive supportive care for potential methemoglobinemia, hemolysis, and myelosuppression.
- Because of the potential seriousness of overdoses, it is strongly recommended to contact an animal poison control center for guidance immediately.
製品
製剤
- Oral tablets
- Compounded oral suspensions
- Compounded IM injection
ヒト用医薬品
- Primaquine Phosphate Oral Tablets: 26.3 mg (equivalent to 15 mg primaquine base)
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Primaquine phosphate tablets should be stored in a tight, light-resistant container below 40°C, preferably between 15-30°C.
飼主向け情報
- 厳密な用量遵守: この薬は猫に対する安全域が非常に狭いです。処方された用量を厳密に守ってください。飲み忘れた場合でも、絶対に次の用量を2倍にしないでください。
- 投与方法: 胃腸障害(吐き気や嘔吐)のリスクを減らすため、食事と一緒に与えてください。
- 観察: 無気力、歯茎の蒼白や変色、呼吸困難などの兆候がないか注意深く観察し、異常があればすぐに獣医師に連絡してください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。
