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プロカルバジン

Procarbazine

Procarbazine hydrochloride

別名: Matulane · Natulanar · Ibenzemethyzin · NSC-77213 · Ro-46467/1 · MIH · N-Methylhydrazine

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

50 mg/m2PO· once daily for the first 14 days of the treatment cycle· 14 days

これは体表面積(mg/m²)に基づく用量です。投与前に体重を体表面積へ換算してください。

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Lymphoma rescue (MOPP protocol)50 mg/m2POonce daily for the first 14 days of the treatment cycle14 days🌎 NA
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME)25-50 mg/m2POonce daily initially, then every other day🌎 NA
  • Lymphoma rescue (MOPP protocol): Used as part of a protocol in combination with other antineoplastic agents.
  • Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME): Initially given with prednisone treatment. After the first month, attempt to reduce to every other day. Monitor CBC weekly for the first month.

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
MOPP lymphoma rescue50 mg/m2 or 10 mg (total dose per cat)POonce daily for the first 14 days of the treatment cycle14 days🌎 NA
  • MOPP lymphoma rescue: Used as part of a protocol in combination with other antineoplastic agents.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか?VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

​プロカルバジン​は非定型アルキル化抗悪性腫瘍薬であり、獣医療においては主に犬や猫の再発性または難治性リンパ腫に対するMOPPまたはLOPP化学療法プロトコルの一部として使用されます。

​臨床上のポイント​:他の多くの抗がん剤とは異なり、プロカルバジンは脂溶性が高く、​血液脳関門(BBB)​を容易に通過します。このユニークな特性により、中枢神経系(CNS)の腫瘍や炎症性疾患、特に犬の​肉芽腫性髄膜脳炎(GME)​の治療において高い有効性を示します。

さらに、プロカルバジンは弱い​モノアミン酸化酵素阻害(MAOI)​作用を持つため、高血圧クリーゼを防ぐために、他の薬物(三環系抗うつ薬、交感神経模倣薬など)や特定の食事(チラミンを多く含む食品)との併用には厳重な注意が必要です。

作用機序

Procarbazine is a prodrug that requires hepatic and renal metabolism to become active. Its exact mechanism is complex and multifaceted:

  • Hepatic Metabolism → Procarbazine is oxidized to azo-procarbazine and further metabolized to yield methyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide.
  • DNA Alkylation → The methyl radicals directly methylate nucleic acids, causing DNA strand breakage and inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
  • Oxidative Stress → The auto-oxidation process generates hydrogen peroxide, which directly induces oxidative damage to DNA.
  • MAO Inhibition → As an off-target effect, it inhibits the enzyme ​monoamine oxidase (MAO)​, preventing the breakdown of monoamines like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Known hypersensitivity to procarbazine
  • Inadequate bone marrow reserve

有害事象

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
  • Hemorrhagic gastritis
  • CNS effects (sedation, agitation)
  • Peripheral neuropathy (loss of tendon reflexes, paresthesias, myalgia)

注意事項

Hazardous Drug: Procarbazine is a cytotoxic agent and a known teratogen (FDA Category D). Strict safe handling protocols must be followed by both veterinary staff and pet owners.

  • Use with extreme caution in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function.
  • Use with extreme caution when co-administering with other CNS depressant drugs.
  • Because it is often used in combination protocols (e.g., MOPP), myelosuppression and GI effects may be significantly enhanced.

医薬品相互作用

Alcohol/Ethanol

May cause severe nausea and vomiting (disulfiram-like reaction).

CNS Depressant Drugs (barbiturates, opiates, antihistamines, phenothiazines)

Procarbazine can cause CNS depression; concurrent use can lead to severe depression. Coma and death have been reported with opiates.

Foods with high tyramine content (aged cheese, yogurt)

Serious hypertension may result due to procarbazine's MAOI activity.

Sympathomimetics (phenylpropanolamine, etc.)

Serious hypertension may result due to procarbazine's MAOI activity.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (clomipramine, amitriptyline)

Do not use concurrently due to MAOI activity; risk of serotonin syndrome or hypertensive crisis.

監視

  • Baseline: CBC, hepatic and renal function, urinalysis
  • Repeat CBC at least once weekly for the first month of treatment, and then monthly thereafter
  • Monitor for signs of neurotoxicity or severe GI distress

薬物動態

吸収

Well absorbed after oral administration.

分布

Rapidly equilibrates between the CSF and plasma. Peak levels in plasma occur in about 1 hour; in the CSF, about 30-90 minutes after dosing.

代謝

Almost entirely metabolized in the liver and kidney into cytotoxic products.

消失

Metabolic products are excreted in the urine.

過剰投与

The LD50 for laboratory animals ranges from 150 mg/kg (rabbits) to 1.3 grams/kg (mice).

  • Treatment: Treat overdoses aggressively to remove the drug from the gut if the overdose occurred within an hour or two (e.g., induction of emesis, activated charcoal).
  • Anticipated Effects: Extensions of the drug's adverse effect profile, including severe GI distress, profound bone marrow suppression, and CNS effects.
  • Management: Monitor closely and provide supportive care as necessary. Contact an animal poison control center for further guidance.

製品

製剤

  • Capsules: 50 mg
  • Compounded oral suspension (oil-based)

ヒト用医薬品

  • Procarbazine HCl Capsules: 50 mg (Matulane)

規制ステータス

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store capsules in airtight containers, protected from light at temperatures less than 40°C (preferably between 15-30°C / 59-86°F). Compounded oil-based solutions (e.g., using sesame oil and silica gel) are typically assigned an expiration date of 30 days.

飼主向け情報

​重要な安全上の警告​:プロカルバジンは抗がん剤です。ご家族の健康を守るため、ご自宅では厳重な安全対策を講じる必要があります。

  • ​安全な取り扱い​:この薬を取り扱う際は、必ず使い捨て手袋を着用してください。投薬後は十分に手を洗ってください。
  • ​廃棄物の管理​:投薬後数日間は、ペットの唾液、嘔吐物、尿、便に直接触れないようにしてください。排泄物を片付ける際は手袋を着用し、廃棄物はビニール袋に密閉して捨ててください。
  • ​獣医師への連絡のタイミング​:嘔吐、食欲不振、下痢、異常な出血やあざ、極度の沈鬱、興奮、口内炎、跛行などの毒性兆候が見られた場合は、直ちに獣医師に連絡してください。
  • ​妊娠に関する警告​:妊娠中の方、授乳中の方、または妊娠を希望されている方は、この薬の取り扱いを避けてください。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。