VetSheet

プロメタジン

Promethazine

Promethazine hydrochloride

別名: Phenergan · Phenadoz · Promethegan · Promethazine HCl · Lilly 01516 · PM 284 · RP 3277 · prometazina · Promethazine hydrochloride · Promethazini hydrochloridum

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

2 mg/kg PO or IM once dailyPO/IM· q24h
🐕

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
As an antiemetic2 mg/kg PO or IM once dailyPO/IMq24h🌎 NA
As an antihistamine0.2-0.4 mg/kg PO three to four times a dayPOq6-8h🌎 NA
As an antihistamine1-2 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
As an antiemetic2 mg/kg PO or IM once dailyPO/IMq24h🌎 NA
As an antihistamine0.2-0.4 mg/kg PO three to four times a dayPOq6-8h🌎 NA
As an antihistamine1-2 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか?VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

プロメタジンはフェノチアジン系誘導体であり、獣医療では主に制吐薬および抗ヒスタミン薬として利用されます。

  • ​主な用途​: 犬や猫の悪心・嘔吐の管理に時折使用され、アトピー性皮膚炎の犬の掻痒症に対しても試験的に使用されています(ただし後者の有効性は一般的に低いです)。
  • ​薬理学的特徴​: アセプロマジンのようなトランキライザーと構造的に類似していますが、プロメタジンは強力な抗ヒスタミン作用に加え、制吐作用、抗コリン作用、鎮静作用、および軽度の局所麻酔作用を持つことが特徴です。

​臨床のポイント​: 鎮静や錐体外路系の副作用のリスクがあるため、マロピタントやオンダンセトロンなどの新しい制吐薬、あるいはジフェンヒドラミンなどの標準的な抗ヒスタミン薬と比較して、現代の獣医療で処方されることは比較的まれです。

作用機序

Promethazine exerts its effects through competitive antagonism at multiple receptor sites centrally and peripherally:

  • H1-Receptor Antagonism: Competitively blocks histamine at H1 receptors → reduces allergic responses and pruritus.
  • D2-Dopaminergic Antagonism: Blocks dopamine receptors in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ) of the medulla → provides central antiemetic effects.
  • Muscarinic Antagonism: Blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors → contributes to antiemetic efficacy and causes anticholinergic side effects (e.g., dry mouth).
  • Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonism: Blocks peripheral alpha-1 receptors → can lead to vasodilation and subsequent hypotension.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Hypovolemia or shock (due to hypotensive effects)
  • Tetanus or strychnine intoxication (due to extrapyramidal effects)
  • Human label black box warning: Contraindicated in children < 2 years old (fatal respiratory depression)
  • Known hypersensitivity to phenothiazines
  • Severe central nervous system depression
  • Comatose patients
  • Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders
  • Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic or cardiovascular disease

有害事象

  • Sedation or lethargy
  • Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, decreased GI motility)
  • Hypotension (especially with rapid IV administration or in hypovolemic patients)
  • Extrapyramidal signs (tremors, rigidity, torticollis) - rare but possible
  • Sedation / Lethargy
  • Dry mucous membranes (anticholinergic effect)
  • Tachycardia
  • Paradoxical excitation (especially in cats)
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances

注意事項

Use cautiously and at smaller doses in animals with hepatic dysfunction, cardiac disease, or general debilitation. Animals may require lower dosages of general anesthetics following phenothiazine administration. Use with extreme caution in very young or severely debilitated animals. Promethazine can cause false-positive results for salicylates in urine and false-positive/negative results for chorionic gonadotropin in urine.

医薬品相互作用

Antacids

May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines.

Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., Kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate)

May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines.

Atropine & other anticholinergics

May have additive anticholinergic effects when used with promethazine.

CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics)

May cause additive CNS depression if used with phenothiazines.

EpinephrineMajor

Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal).

Metoclopramide

Phenothiazines may potentiate the extrapyramidal effects of metoclopramide.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

May potentiate extrapyramidal effects.

Opiates

May enhance the hypotensive effects of phenothiazines; dosages may need to be reduced.

Organophosphate Agents

Phenothiazines should not be given within one month of worming with these agents as their toxic effects may be potentiated.

CNS Depressants (e.g., opioids, barbiturates, anesthetics)Major

Additive central nervous system depression and sedation.

Anticholinergic agents (e.g., atropine, glycopyrrolate)Moderate

Additive anticholinergic effects (tachycardia, dry mouth, ileus).

監視

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of vomiting or pruritus)
  • Degree of sedation
  • Hydration status (if vomiting persists)
  • Heart rate and rhythm
  • Blood pressure (especially with IV use)
  • Level of consciousness / CNS status
  • Respiratory rate

薬物動態

半減期

UnknownUnknown

吸収

Little veterinary data available. In humans, well absorbed following oral, rectal, or IM administration.

分布

Presumed to follow general phenothiazine patterns (widely distributed, crosses blood-brain barrier).

代謝

Metabolized in the liver.

消失

Metabolites are eliminated primarily in the urine.

過剰投与

Overdose may result in profound sedation, severe hypotension, or acute extrapyramidal clinical signs (e.g., torticollis, tremors, excessive salivation, rigidity).

  • Treatment: Supportive care is primary. Acute extrapyramidal signs have been successfully treated with injectable diphenhydramine in humans. Hypotension should be treated with IV fluids; avoid epinephrine due to the risk of epinephrine reversal (use alpha-agonists like phenylephrine if pressors are required).

製品

製剤

  • Oral tablets
  • Oral syrup
  • Injection (IV/IM)
  • Rectal suppositories
  • 10 mg tablet
  • 25 mg tablet
  • 1 mg/ml syrup
  • 25 mg/ml injectable solution

ヒト用医薬品

  • Promethazine HCl for Injection: 25 mg/mL & 50 mg/mL in 1 mL ampules
  • Promethazine HCl Oral syrup: 1.25 mg/mL
  • Promethazine HCl Oral Tablets: 12.5 mg, 25 mg & 50 mg
  • Promethazine HCl Rectal Suppositories: 12.5 mg, 25 mg, & 50 mg
  • Phenergan 10 mg tablets
  • Phenergan 25 mg tablets
  • Phenergan 1 mg/ml syrup
  • Phenergan 25 mg/ml injectable solution

規制ステータス

European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品 · POMEMA

Available as a human prescription product (POM).

United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品 · POMVMD

Phenergan is a POM (Prescription Only Medicine) in the UK.

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store tablets at room temperature (20-25°C) in tight, light-resistant containers. Syrup should be stored at 15-25°C and protected from light. Injection should be stored at room temperature (20-25°C) and protected from light; do not use if precipitate forms or solution is discolored. Suppositories should be stored in the refrigerator (2-8°C). Promethazine can adsorb to plastic IV bags and tubing.

飼主向け情報

プロメタジンは、悪心や嘔吐の抑制、またはアレルギー反応の治療に時折使用される薬です。

  • ​口の渇き​: この薬は口の渇きを引き起こすことがあります。ペットの舌に少量の水を10〜15分間与えることで和らげることができます。
  • ​鎮静作用​: 眠気、鎮静、または軽度の行動の変化を引き起こす可能性があります。これらの症状が強い場合や心配な場合は、獣医師にご相談ください。
  • ​獣医師への連絡の目安​: 長引く嘔吐や下痢は深刻な場合があります。ペットの症状が改善しない場合は獣医師に連絡してください。
  • ​危険なサイン​: 動物が異常なピクピクした動き、震え、または体が硬直するような様子を見せた場合は、直ちに獣医師に連絡してください。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。