アクネ菌注射液
**アクネ菌注射液（Propionibacterium acnes injection）**は、死菌（非生存）のアクネ菌（以前は*Corynebacterium parvum*として知られていた）の懸濁液から作られた非特異的免疫賦活剤および生物学的応答修飾物質（BRM）です。 ### 臨床応用 * **犬：** 主に**慢性再発性膿皮症**に対する抗生物質治療の補助として使用され、病変の重症度と頻度を軽減します。 * **馬：** 原発性または続発性の**ウイルス性または細菌性呼吸器感染症**の補助治療として使用されるほか、**持続性子宮内膜炎**の牝馬の繁殖力改善のために適応外使用されます。 * **猫：** **猫レトロウイルス感染症**（FeLV、FIV）および猫ウイルス性鼻気管炎の管理に適応外使用されますが、有効性のデータは混在しています。 > **臨床のポイント：** 反応を引き起こすには無傷の免疫系に依存するため、その有効性は大きく異なる場合があります。単独の治療法としてではなく、ほぼ例外なく*補助*療法として使用されます。
作用機序: As a non-specific immunostimulant, *P. acnes* acts by stimulating the reticuloendothelial system and cell-mediated immunity. * **PAMP Recognition:** The killed bacteria contain Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by **Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)** (likely TLR9) on antigen-presenting cells. * **Macrophage Activation:** Induces robust activation of macrophages and dendritic cells. * **Cytokine Cascade:** Stimulates the production of lymphokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ) → promotes a **Th1-type immune response**. * **Effector Cell Enhancement:** Increases **Natural Killer (NK) cell** activity and enhances overall cell-mediated immunity to help clear chronic bacterial or viral infections.
動物種別の用量
- Adjunctive therapy of feline retrovirus infections · 0.5 mL · IV · twice weekly for 2 weeks, then one injection weekly · 20 weeks or until cat is seronegative
- Adjunctive therapy of feline retrovirus infections · 0.25-0.5 mL · IV · twice weekly then every other week · 16 weeks
- Antiviral immunostimulant to increase hematopoiesis in FeLV-positive cats · 5 lb cats: 0.25 mL; 10 lb cats: 0.5 mL · IV, IP · twice weekly for 2 weeks, then once weekly until remission and once monthly after that to maintain clinical improvement. (For 10 lb cats: once weekly for 3 weeks and once monthly for 2 months for a total of nine injections) · Variable · Some protocols suggest follow-up with injections once weekly for 20 weeks or longer as needed.
- Immunostimulant for adjunctive therapy of primary or secondary viral or bacterial respiratory tract infections · 1 mL per 114kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · q48-72h · Using EqStim
- Immunostimulant for adjunctive therapy of primary or secondary viral or bacterial respiratory tract infections · 1 mL per 114kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · Repeat dosage on day 3 (or day 4), at day 7, and weekly as needed · Using EqStim
- Adjunctive treatment to improve fertility in mares with endometritis · 1 mL per 114 kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · Given days 0, 2, and 6 · Using EqStim. Best results in mares bred 2 days before to 8 days after initial administration.
- Adjunct to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic recurring canine pyoderma · For animals weighing up to 15 lbs = 0.25-0.5 mL; 15-45 lbs = 0.25-1 mL; 45-75 lbs = 1-1.5 mL; >75 lbs = 1.5-2 mL · IV · 4 times at 3-4 day intervals, then once weekly until symptoms abate or stabilize. Maintenance doses once per month are recommended. · Shake well before use.
投与経路
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to the compound
- Canine lymphoma
- Leukemias with CNS involvement
- FIV or FIP in cats (according to some sources)
有害事象
- Lethargy
- Hyperthermia (fever)
- Chills
- Anorexia
- Anaphylactic reactions
- Local tissue inflammation (if extravasated)
- Vomiting (long-term use)
- Malaise (long-term use)
- Acidosis (long-term use)
- Increased water consumption (long-term use)
- Hepatitis (long-term use)
薬物相互作用
- Glucocorticoids · May compromise immunostimulant effects; manufacturer recommends discontinuing steroids at least 7 days prior to initiating therapy.
- Immunosuppressive drugs · May compromise immunostimulant effects.
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of pyoderma lesions, improvement in respiratory signs, or viral remission)
- Adverse effects (lethargy, fever, chills)
- Signs of anaphylaxis immediately following injection
過量投与
Specific overdosage information is not available. The primary concern with acute administration is the potential for **anaphylactic (severe allergic) reactions**. The manufacturer states that the antidote for such reactions is **epinephrine**.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。